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part 91 describes the procedures to be followed in case of a
two-way radio communications failure. If operating in VFR
conditions at the time of the failure, the pilot should continue
the flight under VFR and land as soon as practicable. If the
failure occurs in IFR conditions, or if VFR conditions cannot
be maintained, the pilot must continue the flight:
1. Along the route assigned in the last ATC clearance
received;
2. If being radar vectored, by the direct route from the
point of radio failure to the fix, route, or airway specified
in the vector clearance;
3. In the absence of an assigned route, by the route
that ATC has advised may be expected in a further
clearance; or
4. In the absence of an assigned route or a route that ATC
has advised may be expected in a further clearance,
by the route filed in the flight plan.
The pilot should maintain the highest of the following
altitudes or flight levels for the route segment being flown:
1. The altitude or flight level assigned in the last ATC
clearance received;
2. The minimum altitude (converted, if appropriate, to
minimum flight level as prescribed in part 91 for IFR
operations); or
3. The altitude or flight level ATC has advised may be
expected in a further clearance.
In addition to route and altitude, the pilot must also plan the
progress of the flight to leave the clearance limit.
1. When the clearance limit is a fix from which an
approach begins, commence descent or descent
and approach as close as possible to the expectfurther-
clearance time if one has been received. If an
expect-further-clearance time has not been received,
commence descent or descent and approach as close as
possible to the estimated time of arrival as calculated
from the filed or amended (with ATC) estimated time
en route.
11-9
Figure 11-9. The default soft key menu that is displayed on the PFD contains a “NRST” (Nearest Airport) soft key. Pressing this soft
key opens a text box which displays the nearest 25 airports.
Nearest Airports Using the PFD
With the advancements in electronic databases, diverting to
alternate airports has become easier. Simply by pressing a soft
key on the PFD, pilots can access information for up to 25 of
the nearest airports that meet the criteria set in the systems
configuration page. [Figure 11-9] Pilots are able to specify
what airports are acceptable for their aircraft requirements
based on landing surface and length of runway.
When the text box opens, the flashing cursor is located over
the nearest airport that meets the criteria set in the auxiliary
setup page as shown in Figure 11-10. Scrolling through the
25 airports is accomplished by turning the outer FMS knob,
which is located on the lower right corner of the display
screen. Turning the FMS knob clockwise moves the blinking
cursor to the next closest airport. By continuing to turn the
knob, the pilot is able to scroll through all 25 nearest airports.
Each airport box contains the information illustrated in
Figure 11-11, which the pilot can utilize to determine which
airport best suits their individual needs.
Additional Information for a Specific Airport
In addition to the information that is presented on the first
screen, the pilot can view additional information as shown in
Figure 11-12 by highlighting the airport identifier and then
pressing the enter key.
2. If the clearance limit is not a fix from which an
approach begins, leave the clearance limit at the
expect-further-clearance time if one has been received.
If no expect-further-clearance time has been received,
leave the clearance limit upon arrival over it, and
proceed to a fix from which an approach begins and
commence descent or descent and approach as close as
possible to the estimated time of arrival as calculated
from the filed or amended (with ATC) estimated time
en route. [Figure 11-8]
While following these procedures, set the transponder to
code 7600 and use all means possible to reestablish two-way
radio communication with ATC. This includes monitoring
navigational aids (NAVAIDs), attempting radio contact with
other aircraft, and attempting contact with a nearby automated
flight service station (AFSS).
GPS Nearest Airport Function
Procedures for accessing the nearest airport information
vary by the type of display installed in an aircraft. Pilots can
obtain information relative to the nearest airport by using the
PFD, MFD, or the nearest function on the GPS receiver. The
following examples are based on a popular system. Pilots
should become familiar with the operational characteristics
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Instrument Flying Handbook仪表飞行手册下(93)
