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6-12
A O M
3
4
I
0
2
I 2
3
VERTICAL SPEED
THOUSAND FT PER MIN
UP
DOWN
.5
.5
THO 33
30
24
2I
I5
I2
6
3
2 MIN TURN
DC ELEC
L R
30.0
29.9
29.8
I0 0
FEET
I
6 5 4
7
9
2
0
8
3
CALIBRATED
TO
20,000 FEET
ALT RAT F
20 20
I0 I0
I0 I0
20 20
TEST STBY PWR
IN
Hg
ALg.
MANIFOLD
PRESS
25
5
15
30
20
10
35
LD
S
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
E R
%RPM
Primary power Supporting direct pitch and bank
Supporting bank Primary bank Primary pitch
Remains constant
Figure 6-13. Flight InstrumFiegnut rIen d6i-c1a0ti.o Fnlsig ihnt a in Ssttarubmiliezendt iCndoincsattainotn-sR iant ea Cstlaimbibli.zed, constant-rate climb.
rate climb is entered from climb airspeed. Use the rate
appropriate for the particular helicopter being flown.
Normally, in helicopters with low climb rates, 500 fpm is
appropriate. In helicopters capable of high climb rates, use
a rate of 1,000 fpm.
To enter a constant rate climb, increase power to the
approximate setting for the desired rate. As power is
applied, the airspeed indicator is primary for pitch until the
vertical speed approaches the desired rate. At this time, the
VSI becomes primary for pitch. Change pitch attitude by
reference to the attitude indicator to maintain the desired
vertical speed. When the VSI becomes primary for pitch, the
airspeed indicator becomes primary for power. Primary and
supporting instruments for a stabilized constant rate climb are
illustrated in Figure 6-13. Adjust power to maintain desired
airspeed. Pitch attitude and power corrections should be
closely coordinated. To illustrate this, if the vertical speed
is correct but the airspeed is low, add power. As power is
increased, it may be necessary to lower the pitch attitude
slightly to avoid increasing the vertical rate. Adjust the pitch
attitude smoothly to avoid overcontrolling. Small power
corrections are usually sufficient to bring the airspeed back
to the desired indication.
Level Off
The level off from a constant airspeed climb must be started
before reaching the desired altitude. Although the amount
of lead varies with the type of helicopter being flown and
pilot technique, the most important factor is vertical speed.
As a rule of thumb, use 10 percent of the vertical velocity
as the lead point. For example, if the rate of climb is 500
fpm, initiate the level off approximately 50 feet before the
desired altitude. When the proper lead altitude is reached, the
altimeter becomes primary for pitch. Adjust the pitch attitude
to the level flight attitude for that airspeed. Cross-check the
altimeter and VSI to determine when level flight has been
attained at the desired altitude. If cruise airspeed is higher
than climb airspeed, leave the power at the climb power
setting until the airspeed approaches cruise airspeed, and
then reduce it to the cruise power setting. The level off from
a constant rate climb is accomplished in the same manner as
the level off from a constant airspeed climb.
Straight Descents (Constant Airspeed
and Constant Rate)
A descent may be performed at any normal airspeed the
helicopter can attain, but the airspeed must be determined
prior to entry. The technique is determined by the type of
descent, a constant airspeed or a constant rate.
Entry
If airspeed is higher than descending airspeed, and a constant
airspeed descent is desired, reduce power to a descent
power setting and maintain a constant altitude using cyclic
pitch control. This slows the helicopter. As the helicopter
6-13
approaches the descending airspeed, the airspeed indicator
becomes primary for pitch and the manifold pressure is
primary for power. Holding the airspeed constant causes the
helicopter to descend. For a constant rate descent, reduce the
power to the approximate setting for the desired rate. If the
descent is started at the descending airspeed, the airspeed
indicator is primary for pitch until the VSI approaches the
desired rate. At this time, the VSI becomes primary for
pitch, and the airspeed indicator becomes primary for power.
Coordinate power and pitch attitude control as previously
described on page 6-10 for constant rate climbs.
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Instrument Flying Handbook仪表飞行手册下(2)
