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in the area on an IFR flight plan.
Departure Procedures (DPs)
Instrument departure procedures are preplanned instrument
flight rule (IFR) procedures, which provide obstruction
clearance from the terminal area to the appropriate en route
structure and provide the pilot with a way to depart the airport
and transition to the en route structure safely. Pilots operating
under 14 CFR part 91 are strongly encouraged to file and fly a
DP when one is available. [Figure 10-2]
There are two types of DPs, Obstacle Departure Procedures
(ODP), printed either textually or graphically, and Standard
Instrument Departures (SID), always printed graphically. All
DPs, either textual or graphic, may be designed using either
conventional or RNAV criteria. RNAV procedures will have
RNAV printed in the title, e.g., SHEAD TWO DEPARTURE
(RNAV).
Obstacle Departure Procedures (ODP)
ODPs provide obstruction clearance via the least onerous route
from the terminal area to the appropriate en route structure. ODPs
are recommended for obstruction clearance and may be flown
without ATC clearance unless an alternate departure procedure
(SID or radar vector) has been specifically assigned by ATC.
Graphic ODPs will have (OBSTACLE) printed in the procedure
title, e.g., GEYSR THREE DEPARTURE (OBSTACLE),
CROWN ONE DEPARTURE (RNAV)(OBSTACLE).
Standard Instrument Departures
Standard Instrument Departures (SID) are air traffic control
(ATC) procedures printed for pilot/controller use in graphic
form to provide obstruction clearance and a transition from
the terminal area to the appropriate en route structure. SIDs
are primarily designed for system enhancement and to reduce
pilot/controller workload. ATC clearance must be received
prior to flying a SID.
ODPs are found in section C of each booklet published
regionally by the NACG, TPP, along with “IFR Take-off
Minimums” while SIDs are collocated with the approach
procedures for the applicable airport. Additional information
on the development of DPs can be found in paragraph 5-2-7
of the AIM. However, the following points are important
to remember.
1. The pilot of IFR aircraft operating from locations
where DP procedures are effective may expect an ATC
clearance containing a DP. The use of a DP requires
pilot possession of at least the textual description of the
approved DP.
2. If a pilot does not possess a preprinted DP or for any other
reason does not wish to use a DP, he or she is expected
to advise ATC. Notification may be accomplished by
filing “NO DP” in the remarks section of the filed flight
plan, or by advising ATC.
3. If a DP is accepted in a clearance, a pilot must comply
with it.
Radar Controlled Departures
On IFR departures from airports in congested areas, a pilot
will normally receive navigational guidance from departure
control by radar vector. When a departure is to be vectored
immediately following takeoff, the pilot will be advised before
takeoff of the initial heading to be flown. This information is
vital in the event of a loss of two-way radio communications
during departure.
The radar departure is normally simple. Following takeoff,
contact departure control on the assigned frequency when
advised to do so by the control tower. At this time departure
control verifies radar contact, and gives headings, altitude, and
climb instructions to move an aircraft quickly and safely out of
the terminal area. A pilot is expected to fly the assigned headings
and altitudes until informed by the controller of the aircraft’s
position with respect to the route given in the clearance, whom
to contact next, and to “resume own navigation.”
Departure control will provide vectors to either a navigation
facility, or an en route position appropriate to the departure
clearance, or transfer to another controller with further radar
surveillance capabilities. [Figure 10-2]
A radar controlled departure does not relieve the pilot of
responsibilities as pilot-in-command. Be prepared before
takeoff to conduct navigation according to the ATC clearance,
with navigation receivers checked and properly tuned. While
under radar control, monitor instruments to ensure continuous
orientation to the route specified in the clearance, and record
the time over designated checkpoints.
10-6
Figure 10-2. Departure Procedure (DP).
10-7
Position Reports
Position reports are required over each compulsory reporting
point (shown on the chart as a solid triangle) along the route
being flown regardless of altitude, including those with
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Instrument Flying Handbook仪表飞行手册下(69)
