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7-7
Figure 7-7. ADF Tracking Inbound.
OBS
N
E
S
W
333
24
21
15
12
306
OBS
N
E
S
W
333
24
21
15
12
306
NAV
GS
33
30
24
21
15
12
6
3
W
S
E
N
HDG
OBS
N
E
S
W
333
24
21
15
12
306
OBS
N
E
S
W
333
24
21
15
12
306
NAV
GS
33
30
24
21
15
12
6
3
W
S
E
N
HDG
OBS
N
E
S
W
3
33
24
21
15
12
306
OBS
N
E
S
W
3
33
24
21
15
12
306
NAV
GS
33
30
24
21
15
12
6
3
W
S
E
N
HDG
OBS
N
E
S
W
3
33
24
21
15
12
306
OBS
N
E
S
W
3
33
24
21
15
12
306
NAV
GS
33
30
24
21
15
12
6
3
W
S
E
N
HDG
OBS
N
E
S
W
3
33
24
21
15
12
306
OBS
N
E
S
W
3
33
24
21
15
12
306
NAV
GS
33
30
24
21
15
12
6
3
W
S
E
N
HDG
DG
ADF
HDG 005° CRS
005°
ADF
HDG 360° CRS
360°
ADF
HDG 340° CRS
340°
ADF
HDG 340° CRS
340°
ADF
HDG 350° CRS
350°
005°
33
30
24
21
15
12
6
3
W
S
E
N
33
30
24
2I
I5
I2
6
3
33
30
24
21
15
12
6
3
W
S
E
N
33
30
24
2I
I5
I2
6
3
33
30
24
21
15
12
6
3
W
S
E
N
33
30
24
2I
I5
I2
6
3
33
30
24
21
15
12
6
3
W
S
E
N
33
30
24
2I
I5
I2
6
3
33
30
24
21
15
12
6
3
W
S
E
N
33
30
24
2I
I5
I2
6
3
Figure 7-7. ADF TRacking inbound.
WCA = 10° LEFT
RB = 10° RIGHT
Station
WIND
OBS
N
E
S
W
3
33
24
21
15
12
306
NAV
GS
View is from the pilots
perspective, and the
movable card is reset
after each turn
7-8
Operational Errors of ADF
Some of the common pilot-induced errors associated with
ADF navigation are listed below to help you avoid making
the same mistakes. The errors are:
1. Improper tuning and station identification. Many pilots
have made the mistake of homing or tracking to the
wrong station.
2. Positively identifying any malfunctions of the RMI
slaving system or ignoring the warning flag.
3. Dependence on homing rather than proper tracking.
This commonly results from sole reliance on the ADF
indications, rather than correlating them with heading
indications.
4. Poor orientation, due to failure to follow proper steps
in orientation and tracking.
5. Careless interception angles, very likely to happen if
you rush the initial orientation procedure.
6. Overshooting and undershooting predetermined MBs,
often due to forgetting the course interception angles
used.
7. Failure to maintain selected headings. Any heading
change is accompanied by an ADF needle change.
The instruments must be read in combination before
any interpretation is made.
8. Failure to understand the limitations of the ADF and
the factors that affect its use.
9. Overcontrolling track corrections close to the station
(chasing the ADF needle), due to failure to understand
or recognize station approach.
10. Failure to keep the heading indicator set so it agrees
with the magnetic compass.
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Instrument Flying Handbook仪表飞行手册下(12)
