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TIS. See traffic information service.
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR).
The federal aviation regulations governing the operation of
aircraft, airways, and airmen.
Touchdown zone elevation (TDZE). The highest elevation
in the first 3,000 feet of the landing surface, TDZE is
indicated on the instrument approach procedure chart when
straight-in landing minimums are authorized.
G-19
Tower En Route Control (TEC). The control of IFR en route
traffic within delegated airspace between two or more adjacent
approach control facilities, designed to expedite traffic and
reduce control and pilot communication requirements.
TPP. See United States Terminal Procedures Publication.
Tracking. Flying a heading that will maintain the desired track
to or from the station regardless of crosswind conditions.
Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System (TCAS).
An airborne system developed by the FAA that operates
independently from the ground-based Air Traffic Control
system. Designed to increase flight deck awareness of
proximate aircraft and to serve as a “last line of defense” for
the prevention of mid-air collisions.
Traffic information service (TIS). A ground-based service
providing information to the flight deck via data link using
the S-mode transponder and altitude encoder to improve the
safety and efficiency of “see and avoid” flight through an
automatic display that informs the pilot of nearby traffic.
Transcribed Weather Broadcast (TWEB). Meteorological
and aeronautical data recorded on tapes and broadcast over
selected NAVAIDs. Generally, the broadcast contains routeoriented
data with specially prepared NWS forecasts, inflight
advisories, and winds aloft. It also includes selected current
information such as weather reports (METAR/SPECI),
NOTAMs, and special notices.
Transponder. The airborne portion of the ATC radar
beacon system.
Transponder code. One of 4,096 four-digit discrete codes
ATC assigns to distinguish between aircraft.
Trend. Immediate indication of the direction of aircraft
movement, as shown on instruments.
Trim. Adjusting the aerodynamic forces on the control
surfaces so that the aircraft maintains the set attitude without
any control input.
TWEB. See Transcribed Weather Broadcast.
True airspeed. Actual airspeed, determined by applying a
correction for pressure altitude and temperature to the CAS.
UHF. See ultra-high frequency.
Ultra-high frequency (UHF). The range of electromagnetic
frequencies between 962 MHz and 1213 MHz.
Uncaging. Unlocking the gimbals of a gyroscopic instrument,
making it susceptible to damage by abrupt flight maneuvers
or rough handling.
Underpower. Using less power than required for the purpose
of achieving a faster rate of airspeed change.
United States Terminal Procedures Publication (TPP).
Booklets published in regional format by the NACO that
include DPs, STARs, IAPs, and other information pertinent
to IFR flight.
Unusual attitude. An unintentional, unanticipated, or
extreme aircraft attitude.
User-defined waypoints. Waypoint location and other data
which may be input by the user, this is the only GPS database
information that may be altered (edited) by the user.
Variation. Compass error caused by the difference in
the physical locations of the magnetic north pole and the
geographic north pole.
VASI. See visual approach slope indicator.
VDP. See visual descent point.
Vectoring. Navigational guidance by assigning headings.
Venturi tube. A specially shaped tube attached to the outside
of an aircraft to produce suction to allow proper operation
of gyro instruments.
Vertical speed indicator (VSI). A rate-of-pressure change
instrument that gives an indication of any deviation from a
constant pressure level.
Very-high frequency (VHF). A band of radio frequencies
falling between 30 and 300 MHz.
Very-high frequency omnidirectional range (VOR).
Electronic navigation equipment in which the flight deck
instrument identifies the radial or line from the VOR station,
measured in degrees clockwise from magnetic north, along
which the aircraft is located.
Vestibule. The central cavity of the bony labyrinth of the ear,
or the parts of the membranous labyrinth that it contains.
VFR. See visual flight rules.
VFR-on-top. ATC authorization for an IFR aircraft to operate
in VFR conditions at any appropriate VFR altitude.
G-20
VFR over-the-top. A VFR operation in which an aircraft
operates in VFR conditions on top of an undercast.
Victor airways. Airways based on a centerline that extends
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Instrument Flying Handbook仪表飞行手册下(115)
