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of zero pressure, or a vacuum.
A.C. Alternating current.
Acceleration error. A magnetic compass error apparent when
the aircraft accelerates while flying on an easterly or westerly
heading, causing the compass card to rotate toward North.
Accelerometer. A part of an inertial navigation system
(INS) that accurately measures the force of acceleration in
one direction.
ADF. See automatic direction finder.
ADI. See attitude director indicator.
ADM. See aeronautical decision-making.
ADS–B. See automatic dependent surveillance–broadcast.
Adverse yaw. A flight condition at the beginning of a turn in
which the nose of the aircraft starts to move in the direction
opposite the direction the turn is being made, caused by the
induced drag produced by the downward-deflected aileron
holding back the wing as it begins to rise.
Aeronautical decision-making (ADM). A systematic
approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently
determine the best course of action in response to a given
set of circumstances.
A/FD. See Airport/Facility Directory.
Glossary
Agonic line. An irregular imaginary line across the surface of
the Earth along which the magnetic and geographic poles are in
alignment, and along which there is no magnetic variation.
Aircraft approach category. A performance grouping of
aircraft based on a speed of 1.3 times the stall speed in the
landing configuration at maximum gross landing weight.
Air data computer (ADC). An aircraft computer that
receives and processes pitot pressure, static pressure, and
temperature to calculate very precise altitude, indicated
airspeed, true airspeed, and air temperature.
AIRMET. Inflight weather advisory issued as an amendment
to the area forecast, concerning weather phenomena of
operational interest to all aircraft and that is potentially
hazardous to aircraft with limited capability due to lack of
equipment, instrumentation, or pilot qualifications.
Airport diagram. The section of an instrument approach
procedure chart that shows a detailed diagram of the
airport. This diagram includes surface features and airport
configuration information.
Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD). An FAA publication
containing information on all airports, communications,
and NAVAIDs.
Airport surface detection equipment (ASDE). Radar
equipment specifically designed to detect all principal
features and traffic on the surface of an airport, presenting the
entire image on the control tower console; used to augment
visual observation by tower personnel of aircraft and/or
vehicular movements on runways and taxiways.
Airport surveillance radar (ASR). Approach control
radar used to detect and display an aircraft’s position in the
terminal area.
G-2
Airport surveillance radar approach. An instrument
approach in which ATC issues instructions for pilot
compliance based on aircraft position in relation to the final
approach course and the distance from the end of the runway
as displayed on the controller’s radar scope.
Air route surveillance radar (ARSR). Air route traffic
control center (ARTCC) radar used primarily to detect
and display an aircraft’s position while en route between
terminal areas.
Air route traffic control center (ARTCC). Provides ATC
service to aircraft operating on IFR flight plans within
controlled airspace and principally during the en route phase
of flight.
Airspeed indicator. A differential pressure gauge that
measures the dynamic pressure of the air through which the
aircraft is flying. Displays the craft’s airspeed, typically in
knots, to the pilot.
Air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS).
Sometimes called secondary surveillance radar (SSR), which
utilizes a transponder in the aircraft. The ground equipment is
an interrogating unit, in which the beacon antenna is mounted
so it rotates with the surveillance antenna. The interrogating
unit transmits a coded pulse sequence that actuates the aircraft
transponder. The transponder answers the coded sequence by
transmitting a preselected coded sequence back to the ground
equipment, providing a strong return signal and positive
aircraft identification, as well as other special data.
Airway. An airway is based on a centerline that extends from
one navigation aid or intersection to another navigation aid
(or through several navigation aids or intersections); used
to establish a known route for en route procedures between
terminal areas.
Alert area. An area in which there is a high volume of pilot
training or an unusual type of aeronautical activity.
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Instrument Flying Handbook仪表飞行手册下(100)
