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Decision altitude (DA). A specified altitude in the precision
approach, charted in feet MSL, at which a missed approach
must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue
the approach has not been established.
Decision height (DH). A specified altitude in the precision
approach, charted in height above threshold elevation,
at which a decision must be made either to continue the
approach or to execute a missed approach.
Deice. The act of removing ice accumulation from an
aircraft structure.
Density altitude. Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard
temperature. Density altitude is used in computing the
performance of an aircraft and its engines.
Departure procedure (DP). Preplanned IFR ATC departure,
published for pilot use, in textual and graphic format.
Deviation. A magnetic compass error caused by local
magnetic fields within the aircraft. Deviation error is different
on each heading.
DGPS. Differential global positioning system.
DH. See decision height.
G-6
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). A system
that improves the accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (GNSS) by measuring changes in variables to
provide satellite positioning corrections.
Direct indication. The true and instantaneous reflection of
aircraft pitch-and-bank attitude by the miniature aircraft,
relative to the horizon bar of the attitude indicator.
Direct User Access Terminal System (DUATS). A system
that provides current FAA weather and flight plan filing
services to certified civil pilots, via personal computer,
modem, or telephone access to the system. Pilots can request
specific types of weather briefings and other pertinent data
for planned flights.
Distance circle. See reference circle.
Distance measuring equipment (DME). A pulse-type
electronic navigation system that shows the pilot, by an
instrument-panel indication, the number of nautical miles
between the aircraft and a ground station or waypoint.
DME. See distance measuring equipment.
DME arc. A flight track that is a constant distance from the
station or waypoint.
DOD. Department of Defense.
Doghouse. A turn-and-slip indicator dial mark in the shape
of a doghouse.
Domestic Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum
(DRVSM). Additional flight levels between FL 290 and FL
410 to provide operational, traffic, and airspace efficiency.
Double gimbal. A type of mount used for the gyro in an
attitude instrument. The axes of the two gimbals are at right
angles to the spin axis of the gyro, allowing free motion in
two planes around the gyro.
DP. See departure procedure.
Drag. The net aerodynamic force parallel to the relative
wind, usually the sum of two components: induced drag
and parasite drag.
Drag curve. The curve created when plotting induced drag
and parasite drag.
DUATS. See direct user access terminal system.
Duplex. Transmitting on one frequency and receiving on a
separate frequency.
Eddy currents. Current induced in a metal cup or disc when
it is crossed by lines of flux from a moving magnet.
EFAS. See En Route Flight Advisory Service.
EFC. See expect-further-clearance.
Electronic flight display (EFD). For the purpose of
standardization, any flight instrument display that uses
LCD or other image-producing system (Cathode Ray Tube
[CRT], etc.)
Elevator illusion. The sensation of being in a climb or
descent, caused by the kind of abrupt vertical accelerations
that result from up- or downdrafts.
Emergency. A distress or urgent condition.
Emphasis error. The result of giving too much attention
to a particular instrument during the cross-check, instead of
relying on a combination of instruments necessary for attitude
and performance information.
EM wave. Electromagnetic wave.
Encoding altimeter. A special type of pressure altimeter
used to send a signal to the air traffic controller on the ground,
showing the pressure altitude the aircraft is flying.
En route facilities ring. Depicted in the plan view of IAP
charts, a circle which designates NAVAIDs, fixes, and
intersections that are part of the en route low altitude airway
structure.
En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS). An en route
weather-only AFSS service.
En route high-altitude charts. Aeronautical charts for en
route instrument navigation at or above 18,000 feet MSL.
En route low-altitude charts. Aeronautical charts for en
route IFR navigation below 18,000 feet MSL.
Equivalent airspeed. Airspeed equivalent to CAS in
standard atmosphere at sea level. As the airspeed and pressure
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Instrument Flying Handbook仪表飞行手册下(104)
