EUROCONTROL MANUAL FOR AIRSPACE PLANNING 2(88)

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01. Predictably, the number of Reference Traffic Samples increase in a multi-airport Terminal Airspace where each airport may have its own predominant Runway or Runway combinations in use.
For the Base Case(s) it is recommended that a real (Reference) traffic sample be used, (taken from radar data recordings, flight plan system recordings, CFMU database, etc.). A traffic sample should represent real normal operations and traffic distribution on an average day. (See Part C, Chapter 4).
The duration of the traffic sample depends on the objectives and type of the simulation; Usually, a 24 hour traffic sample is used for fast-time simulation and a 1-2 hour traffic sample is used for real-time simulation.
Comment: It is inadvisable to use less than a 1 . hour traffic sample for a Real-Time Simulation: Controllers take time to settle into the simulation run and, similarly, it takes time to build up the traffic to required levels.
In order to assess and validate different conceptual design Scenarios, specific traffic samples should be developed, starting from the Reference traffic sample, so as to cover the foreseen changes. These changes in traffic include changes to specific parameters such as:
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Modification to the amount of traffic;

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change of traffic distribution (geographical/time)

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changes to the assignment of air traffic on the Routes/Holds

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changes of aircraft type, aircraft performance characteristics or aircraft operating procedures

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Examples of changes made to a traffic sample are tabulated below. Importantly: Whena single change is made to a parameter of a Traffic Sample, a separate traffic sampleis created (with its own separate identifier – see also para. 1.5.7).
RTS Traffic Sample ID.  Source/Basis  SampleDate  UTC Time Period of Traffic Sample  Special Remarks 
01-RT  Radar Data Sectors SA-SD  24.9.2004  1700-1900  Traffic Sample is representative of average day (2004) in Terminal Airspace Sectors with 100% traffic (01-RT). 
01-1T  Validation Team, Based on 01- RT  24.9.2004  1700-1900  RT + Airspace Organisation A with new Routes/Holds as per 01-1T 
01-2T  Radar Data Sectors SA-SD  24.9.2004  1700-1900  RT + Airspace Organisation A, with new Routes/Holds as per 01-1T with traffic increase to 120% 

Table 1 - 2: Example of Traffic Samples developed from a Reference Traffic Sample
Note: In this case, the differences between the traffic samples are based on different routes (RT & 1T) and, in the case of 2T, traffic increase over 1T.
1.5.5 SETTING UP THE RULES
Each simulation method and each simulation platform has a unique way of describing the way in which the airspace is used, the way in which air traffic management is performed and the interactions between ATC and pilots.
The way in which these Rules are translated in the Test Cases is specific to each simulation platform, but the following items should be taken into consideration in the Test Case development:
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letters of agreement;

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published level/altitude restrictions (level capping, SID/STARs profiles, etc)

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published speed restrictions;

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standing agreements & operational arrangements;

. operational procedures;
For those simulation platforms which make use of automated functions to replicate the actions of air traffic controllers or pilots, the design/simulation team should ensure that the correct values for the parameters are used (such as separation minima, turn rates, speeds, etc) and that those functions perform in a way which correspond to real operations.
　
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