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no increase in noise pollution is experienced by the residents of Suburb Y between
22:00 and 05:00 UTC;
. track mileage flown by arriving aircraft is not extended by more than 5%;
Having decided upon the performance criteria (usually embodied in the strategic and design objectives – see Part B), it is necessary for the Terminal Airspace design team to select the appropriate tool so as to correctly measure these criteria. These are discussed in Part D.
3.4.1 EVALUATING CAPACITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Although the comparative and absolute methods are commonly used in a safety context (above), other performance criteria can also be evaluated using in either a comparative or absolute manner. This can be demonstrated using the examples cited in para. 3.4:
1a. an airport capacity increase of 20% is demonstrated; and Comparative
2a. no increase in noise pollution is experienced by the residents of Suburb Y between 22:00 and 05:00 UTC;
3a. track mileage flown by arriving aircraft is not extended by more than 5%;
examples of Absolute measurement being required, are illustrated by changing the wording of the above criteria to new wording below.
1b.airport capacity = 129 movements p.hour Absolute
2b. noise emitted by each ACFT does not exceed 65dB at the noise monitoring point.
3b. track mileage flown by arriving aircraft does not exceed 32 NM from Terminal Airspace Entry point.
Naturally, normal ATC simulators such as fast- or real-time may not be suitable for measurements relative to noise (e.g. 2a or 2b, above) and noise modelling tools would be required. It should be noted that developments are underway to combine fast time simulation with noise modelling software.
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Because a project’s strategic objectives are closely linked to safety and performance criteria, it is useful to connect the information contained in this chapter with information presented in Part B – Planning. To this end, use is made of a fictitious example:
Strategic Objectives: Increase existing capacity; reduce environmental impact over Suburb Y; meet the Target Level of Safety.
Design Objectives: Create new Terminal arrival and departure routes to accommodate a new parallel runway.
(ICAO ATC Objectives: Prevention of collision; maintaining a safe and orderly flow of air traffic i.e. creating a design that will be conducive to these objectives)4.
4 inserted for completeness.
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Safety Criteria: the route spacing of 8NM between parallel Terminal Routes is required to meet a target level of safety of 5 x 10-9.
Performance criteria: The Terminal Airspace design will be considered a success if, for example:
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(quantitative) Approach West Sector demonstrates a capacity increase of 20% demonstrated; and
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(quantitative) no increase in noise pollution is experienced by the residence of Suburb Y between 22:00 and 05:00 UTC;
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(quantitative) track mileage flown by arriving aircraft is not extended by more than 5%;
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(qualitative) A crossing SID and STAR have been designed in accordance with PANS-OPS criteria complete with profiles. Inadvertently, the profile of both the SID and STAR requires aircraft to be at FL70 at the crossing point. This error would be detected during the qualitative assessment (which is almost an on-going subconscious process for most designers). As such, this error would be identified and the profiles redesigned so that the SID and STAR profiles are separated by at least 1000 feet at the crossing point.
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