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Figure 5- 12: Application of R3
5.4.3 HOLDING AREAS
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Two methods are commonly employed to meter aircraft bound for congested Terminal Airspaces: one uses departure delay mechanisms (to avoid aircraft holding on entering the Terminal Airspace), and the other uses holding patterns to stack aircraft for sequencing into the Terminal Airspace.
Comment:
Whilst the choice of either method can be argued convincingly and applied efficiently, it is opportune to mention the reason commonly cited by proponents of the “holding pattern” method for this choice of option. The placement of holding patterns at strategic points prior to Terminal Airspace entry is based upon the idea that by keeping constant ‘pressure’ on the Terminal Airspace, less airspace is likely to be ‘wasted’ because the ‘metering’ of traffic is done closer to landing. Thus where “holding patterns” are used, the metering and sequencing is likely to be tactical and respond in real time to the actual traffic situation (as opposed to the longer range/strategic mechanism that the departure delay method involves).
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