美国航行情报汇编 AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION AIP 2(81)

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1.2.1 Direction of holding from the fix in terms of the eight cardinal compass points; i.e., N, NE, E, SE, etc.
1.2.2 Holding fix. (The fix may be omitted if it is included at the beginning of the transmission as the clearance limit.)
1.2.3 Radial, course, bearing, airway, or route on which the aircraft is to hold.
1.2.4 Leg length in miles if DME or RNAV is to be used. (Leg length will be specified in minutes on pilot request or if the controller considers it necessary.)
1.2.5 Direction of turn if left turns are to be made, the pilot requests, or the controller considers it necessary.
1.2.6 Time to expect further clearance, and any pertinent additional delay information.
1.3 Typical Holding Pattern Example
1.3.1 When holding at a VOR station, pilots should begin the turn to the outbound leg at the time of the first complete reversal of the “to.from” indicator. See GEN 3.4, paragraph 12, Two.Way Radio Commu-nications Failure, for holding at the approach fix when radio failure occurs.
1.3.2 Holding Pattern Airspace Protection
Holding pattern airspace protection is based on the following procedures.
NOTE.
Holding pattern airspace protection design criteria is contained in FAA Handbook 7130.3, Holding Pattern Criteria.
1.3.2.1 Airspeeds
 a) All aircraft may hold at the following altitudes and maximum holding airspeeds:
TBL ENR 1.5.1
Altitude (MSL)  Airspeed (KIAS) 
MHA . 6,000’  200 
6,001’ . 14,000’  230 
14,001’ and above  265

 b) The following are exceptions to the maximum holding airspeeds:
 1) Holding patterns from 6,001’ to 14,000’ may be restricted to a maximum airspeed of 210 KIAS. This nonstandard pattern will be depicted by an icon.
 2) Holding patterns may be restricted to a maximum speed. The speed restriction is depicted in parenthesis inside the holding pattern on the chart: e.g., (175). The aircraft should be at or below the maximum speed prior to initially crossing the holding fix to avoid exiting the protected airspace. Pilots unable to comply with the maximum airspeed restriction should notify ATC.
 3) Holding patterns at USAF airfields only . 310 KIAS maximum, unless otherwise depicted.
 4) Holding patterns at Navy fields only . 230 KIAS maximum, unless otherwise depicted.

Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
FIG ENR 1.5.1
Holding Patterns
EXAMPLES OF HOLDING

TYPICAL PROCEDURE ON AN ILS OUTER MARKER

TYPICAL PROCEDURE AT INTERSECTION
OF VOR RADIALS
HOLDING COURSE
HOLDING COURSE
TOWARD NAVAID
AWAY FROM NAVAID

15 NM DME FIX 10 NM DME FIX
TYPICAL PROCEDURE AT DME FIX
FIG ENR 1.5.2
Holding Pattern Descriptive Terms
ABEAM
ABEAM HOLDING SIDE

HOLDING SIDE

OUTBOUND
OUTBOUND

END

FIX END
FIX END
RECIPROCAL
RECIPROCAL
FIX
FIX

NONHOLDING SIDE
NONHOLDING SIDEHOLDINGHOLDING
COURSE
COURSE

FIG ENR 1.5.3
Holding Pattern Entry Procedures

Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
5) When a climb.in hold is specified by a published procedure (e.g., “Climb.in holding pattern to depart XYZ VORTAC at or above 10,000.” or “All aircraft climb.in TRUCK holding pattern to cross TRUCK Int at or above 11,500 before proceeding on course.”), additional obstacle protec-tion area has been provided to allow for greater airspeeds in the climb for those aircraft requiring them. The holding pattern template for a maximum airspeed of 310 KIAS has been used for the holding pattern if there are no airspeed restrictions on the holding pattern as specified in subparagraph
   b)      2) of this paragraph. Where the holding pattern is restricted to a maximum airspeed of 175 KIAS, the 200 KIAS holding pattern template has been applied for published climb.in hold procedures for altitudes 6,000 feet and below and the 230 KIAS holding pattern template has been applied for altitudes above 6,000 feet. The airspeed limitations in 14 CFR Section 91.117, Aircraft Speed, still apply.
 c) The following phraseology may be used by an ATC specialist to advise a pilot of the maximum holding airspeed for a holding pattern airspace area.
PHRASEOLOGY.
(AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION) (holding instructions, when needed) MAXIMUM HOLDING AIRSPEED IS (speed in knots).
1.3.2.2 Entry Procedures (See FIG ENR 1.5.3.)
   a) Parallel Procedure. When approaching the holding fix from anywhere in sector (a), the parallel entry procedure would be to turn to a heading to parallel the holding course outbound on the nonholding side for one minute, turn in the direction of the holding pattern through more than 180 degrees, and return to the holding fix or intercept the holding course inbound.
　
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