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37.9.1.1 Adjust the transponder to reply on MO-DE A/3, Code 7600.
37.9.1.2 Understand that the aircraft may not be in an area of radar coverage.
37.9.2 Pilots should understand that they may not be in an area of radar coverage. Also, many radar facilities are not presently equipped to automatically display Code 7600 and will interrogate 7600 only when the aircraft is under direct radar control at the time of radio failure. However, replying on Code 7700 first, increases the probability of early detection of a radio failure condition.
37.10 Radar Services
37.10.1 Safety Alert
37.10.1.1 A safety alert will be issued to pilots of aircraft being controlled by ATC if the controller is aware the aircraft is at an altitude which, in the controller’s judgment, places the aircraft in unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions, or other aircraft. The provision of this service is contingent upon the capability of the controller to have an awareness of situations involving unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions, and uncontrolled aircraft. The issuance of a safety alert cannot be mandated, but it can be expected on a reasonable, though intermittent, basis. Once the alert is issued, it is solely the pilot’s prerogative to determine what course of action, if any, will be taken. This procedure is intended for use in time critical situations where aircraft safety is in question. Noncritical situations should be handled via the normal traffic alert procedures.
37.10.2 Terrain/Obstruction Alert
37.10.2.1 Controllers will immediately issue an alert to the pilots of aircraft under their control when they recognize that the aircraft is at an altitude which, in their judgment, may be in unsafe proximity to terrain/obstructions. The primary method of detect-ing unsafe proximity is through Mode C automatic altitude reports.
EXAMPLE.
Low altitude alert, check your altitude immediately. The, as appropriate, MEA/MVA/MOCA in your area is (altitude) or, if past the final approach fix (nonprecision approach) or the outer marker or fix used in lieu of the outer marker (precision approach), the, as appropriate, MDA/DH (if known) is (altitude).
37.10.2.2 Terminal Automated Radar Terminal System (ARTS) IIIA, Common ARTS (to include ARTS IIIE and ARTS IIE) (CARTS), Micro En Route Automated Radar Tracking System (MEARTS), and Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS) facilities have an automated function which, if operating, alerts controllers when a tracked Mode C equipped aircraft under their control is below or is predicted to be below a predetermined minimum safe altitude. This function, called Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (MSAW), is designed solely as a controller aid in detecting potentially unsafe aircraft proximity to terrain/obstructions. The ARTS IIIA, CARTS, MEARTS, and STARS facility will, when MSAW is operating, provide MSAW monitoring for all aircraft with an operating Mode C altitude encoding transponder that are tracked by the system and are:
a) Operating on a IFR flight plan. b) Operating VFR and have requested MSAW monitoring.
37.10.2.3 Terminal AN/TPX.42A (number beacon decoder system) facilities have an automated function called Low Altitude Alert System (LAAS). Although not as sophisticated as MSAW, LAAS alerts the controller when a Mode C transponder equipped aircraft operating on a IFR flight plan is below a predetermined minimum safe altitude.
NOTE.
Pilots operating VFR may request MSAW or LAAS monitoring if their aircraft are equipped with Mode C transponders.
EXAMPLE.
Apache Three Three Papa requests MSAW/LAAS.
37.10.3 Aircraft Conflict Alert
37.10.3.1 Controllers will immediately issue an alert to the pilots of aircraft under their control if they are aware of an aircraft that is not under their control at an altitude which, in the controller’s judgment, places both aircraft in unsafe proximity to each other. With the alert, when feasible, the controller will offer the pilot the position of the traffic if time permits and an alternate course(s) of action. Any alternate course of action the controller may recommend to the pilot will be predicated only on other traffic in the controller’s jurisdiction.
EXAMPLE.
American Three, traffic alert, (position of traffic, if time permits), advise you turn right/left heading (degrees) and/or climb/descend to (altitude) immediately.
37.10.4 Radar Traffic Information Service (RTIS)
37.10.4.1 This is a service provided by radar ATC facilities. Pilots receiving this service are advised of any radar target observed on the radar display which may be in such proximity to the position of their aircraft or its intended route of flight that it warrants their attention. This service is not intended to relieve the pilot of the responsibility for continual vigilance to see and avoid other aircraft.
a) Purpose of this Service
1) The issuance of traffic information as observed on a radar display is based on the principle of assisting and advising a pilot that a particular radar target’s position and track indicates it may intersect or pass in such proximity to the intended flight path that it warrants the pilot’s attention. This is to alert the pilot to the traffic, to be on the lookout for it, and thereby be in a better position to take appropriate action should the need arise.
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