美国航行情报汇编 AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION AIP 2(128)

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2.1.6 Estimate en route position times.
2.1.7 Make accurate and frequent position reports to the FSSs along your route of flight.
2.2 Simulated IFR flight is recommended (under the hood); however, pilots are cautioned to review and adhere to the requirements specified in 14 CFR Section 91.109 before and during such flight.
2.3
When flying VFR at night, in addition to the altitude appropriate for the direction of flight, pilots should maintain an altitude which is at or above the minimum en route altitude as shown on charts. This is especially true in mountainous terrain, where there is usually very little ground reference. Do not depend on your eyes alone to avoid rising unlighted terrain, or even lighted obstructions such as TV towers.

3.
Domestic Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) System

3.1 Time.critical aeronautical information which is of either a temporary nature or is not sufficiently known in advance to permit publication on aeronautical charts or in other operational publica-tions, receives immediate dissemination via the U.S. Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) System.
NOTE.
1.
NOTAM information is that aeronautical information that could affect a pilot’s decision to make a flight. It includes such information as airport or aerodrome primary runway closures, taxiways, ramps, obstructions, communications, airspace, changes in the status of navigational aids, ILSs, radar service availability, and other information essential to planned en route, terminal, or landing operations.

2.
NOTAM information is transmitted using standard contractions to reduce transmission time. See TBL ENR 1.10.1 for a listing of the most commonly used contractions. For a complete listing of contractions, see FAA Order JO 7340.2, Contractions.

3.2 NOTAM information is classified into four categories. These are NOTAM (D) or distant, Flight Data Center (FDC) NOTAMs, Pointer NOTAMs, and Military NOTAMs.

TBL ENR 1.10.1
NOTAM CONTRACTIONS
AADC . . . . . . . .  A 
Approach and Departure Control 
ABV . . . . . . . . . .  Above 
A/C . . . . . . . . . . .  Approach Control 
ACCUM . . . . . . .  Accumulate 
ACFT . . . . . . . . .  Aircraft 
ACR . . . . . . . . . .  Air Carrier 
ACTV/ACTVT .  Active/Activate 
ADF . . . . . . . . . .  Automatic Direction Finder 
ADJ . . . . . . . . . .  Adjacent 
ADZ/ADZD . . . .  Advise/Advised 
AFD . . . . . . . . . .  Airport/Facility Directory 
AFSS . . . . . . . . .  Automated Flight Service Station 
ALS . . . . . . . . . .  Approach Light System 
ALTM . . . . . . . . .  Altimeter 
ALTN/ALTNLY .  Alternate/Alternately 
ALSTG . . . . . . . .  Altimeter Setting 
AMDT . . . . . . . .  Amendment 
APCH . . . . . . . . .  Approach 
APL . . . . . . . . . .  Airport Lights 
ARFF . . . . . . . . .  Aircraft Rescue & Fire Fighting 
ARPT . . . . . . . . .  Airport 
ARSR . . . . . . . . .  Air Route Surveillance Radar 
ASDE . . . . . . . . .  Airport Surface Detection Equipment 
ASOS . . . . . . . . .  Automated Surface Observing System 
ASPH . . . . . . . . .  Asphalt 
ASR . . . . . . . . . .  Airport Surveillance Radar 
ATC . . . . . . . . . .  Air Traffic Control 
ATCT . . . . . . . . .  Airport Traffic Control Tower 
ATIS . . . . . . . . . .  Automated Terminal Information Service 
AVBL . . . . . . . . .  Available 
AWOS . . . . . . . .  Automatic Weather Observing System 
AWSS . . . . . . . . .  Automatic Weather Sensor System 
AZM . . . . . . . . . .  Azimuth 
B 
BC . . . . . . . . . . .  Back Course 
BCN . . . . . . . . . .  Beacon 
BERM . . . . . . . .  Snowbank/s Containing Earth/Gravel 
BLO . . . . . . . . . .  Below 
BND . . . . . . . . . .  Bound 
BRAF . . . . . . . . .  Braking Action Fair 
BRAG . . . . . . . .  Braking Action Good 
BRAN . . . . . . . .  Braking Action Nil 
BRAP . . . . . . . . .  Braking Action Poor 
BYD . . . . . . . . . .  Beyond 
C 
CAAS . . . . . . . . .  Class A Airspace 
CAT . . . . . . . . . .  Category 
CBAS . . . . . . . . .  Class B Airspace 
CBSA . . . . . . . . .  Class B Surface Area 
CCAS . . . . . . . . .  Class C Airspace 
CCLKWS . . . . . .  Counterclockwise 
　
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