美国航行情报汇编 AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION AIP 2(126)

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3.4 TBL ENR 1.7.3, derived from ICAO formulas, indicates how much error can exist when the temperature is extremely cold. To use the table, find the reported temperature in the left column, then read across the top row to locate the height above the airport/reporting station (i.e., subtract the airport/re-porting elevation from the intended flight altitude). The intersection of the column and row is how much lower the aircraft may actually be as a result of the possible cold temperature induced error.
3.5 The possible result of the above example should be obvious, particularly if operating at the minimum altitude or when conducting an instrument approach. When operating in extreme cold temperatures, pilots may wish to compensate for the reduction in terrain clearance by adding a cold temperature correction.

TBL ENR 1.7.3
ICAO COLD TEMPERATURE ERROR TABLE
Height Above Airport in Feet

Reported Temp .C

200  300  400  500  600  700  800  900  1000  1500  2000  3000  4000  5000 
+10  10  10  10  10  20  20  20  20  20  30  40  60  80  90
 0  20  20  30  30  40  40  50  50  60  90  120  170  230  280 
.10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90  100  150  200  290  390  490 
.20  30  50  60  70  90  100  120  130  140  210  280  420  570  710 
.30  40  60  80  100  120  140  150  170  190  280  380  570  760  950 
.40  50  80  100  120  150  170  190  220  240  360  480  720  970  1210 
.50  60  90  120  150  180  210  240  270  300  450  590  890  1190  1500 

EXAMPLE.

Temperature.10 degrees Celsius, and the aircraft altitude is 1,000 feet above the airport elevation. The chart shows that the reported current altimeter setting may place the aircraft as much as 100 feet below the altitude indicated by the altimeter.
Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
4. High Barometric Pressure
4.1 Cold, dry air masses may produce barometric pressures in excess of 31.00 inches of Mercury, and many altimeters do not have an accurate means of being adjusted for settings of these levels. As noted in paragraph 3.2, when the altimeter cannot be set to the higher pressure setting, the aircraft actual altitude will be higher than the altimeter indicates.
4.2 When the barometric pressure exceeds
31.00 inches, air traffic controllers will issue the actual altimeter setting, and:
4.2.1 En Route/Arrivals. Advise pilots to remain set on 31.00 inches until reaching the final approach segment.
4.2.2 Departures. Advise pilots to set 31.00 inches prior to reaching any mandatory/crossing altitude or 1,500 feet, whichever is lower.
4.3
The altimeter error caused by the high pressure will be in the opposite direction to the error caused by the cold temperature.

5.
Low Barometric Pressure

5.1 When abnormally low barometric pressure conditions occur (below 28.00), flight operations by aircraft unable to set the actual altimeter setting are not recommended.
NOTE.
The true altitude of the aircraft is lower than the indicated altitude if the pilot is unable to set the actual altimeter setting.

ENR 1.8 [RESERVED]

Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
ENR 1.9 [RESERVED]

Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
ENR 1.10 Flight Planning
(Restriction, Limitation or Advisory Information)

1. Preflight Preparation
1.1 Every pilot is urged to receive a preflight briefing and to file a flight plan. This briefing should consist of the latest or most current weather, airport, and en route NAVAID information. Briefing service may be obtained from a flight service station (FSS) either by telephone or interphone, by radio when airborne, or by a personal visit to the station. In the 48 contiguous States, pilots with a current FAA medical certificate may access toll.free the Direct User Access Terminal System (DUATS) through a personal computer. DUATS will provide alpha.nu-meric preflight weather data and allow pilots to file domestic VFR and IFR flight plans.
REFERENCE.
GEN 3.5, paragraph 3.5.3.3 lists DUATS vendors.
NOTE.
Pilots filing flight plans via “fast file” who desire to have their briefing recorded, should include a statement at the end of the recording as to the source of their weather briefing.
1.2 The information required by the FAA to process flight plans is contained on FAA Form 7233.1, Flight Plan. The forms are available at all flight service stations.
　
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