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effective weapons ranges when possible. When operations demand they enter these envelopes,
they must be equipped with weapons and defensive systems appropriate to deal with the
expected threats.
14. Tactical helicopter forces possess the following positive characteristics:
CHARACTERISTICS
· Communications
· Firepower
· Flexibility
· Mobility
· Speed of execution
· Surprise
· Versatility
a. Superior Communications. Tactical helicopters can be
equipped with an array of communications equipment which, when
combined with their freedom from restrictions imposed by terrain,
greatly enhances their capability to command and control other
tactical aviation resources, and assist the land forces with their
command and control activities.
b. Firepower. All tactical helicopters have the potential to be fitted with weapons.
Current technologies allow tactical helicopters to provide direct fire support with
precision or non-precision weapons; to direct and control fire from other weapon
systems; and to directly protect forces by providing armed security. While the
Attack helicopter is specifically designed with firepower in mind, it is not the only
platform capable of providing it.
c. Flexibility. Tactical helicopter units execute tasks in accordance with the
priorities of the supported commander and are capable of responding rapidly to
changing situations. Sound battle procedure, reliable communications, rapid
passage of all types of information and orders, combined with their mobility, give
tactical helicopter forces great flexibility.
d. Mobility. Tactical helicopters operate in the third dimension of the ground
commander's area of operations, thus reducing the limiting effects which terrain
and other obstacles have on ground based movement; this enables them to project
firepower and move troops and equipment throughout the area of operations.
Introduction
B-GA-440-000/AF-000 7
However, tactical helicopters achieve this freedom of manoeuvre only by
forfeiting some of the terrain’s protective advantages. The exploitation of this
characteristic is dependent upon numerous other factors including a flexible
command and control system, effective logistics and maintenance support, and the
provision of sound and timely advice at all levels of command.
e. Speed of Execution. Helicopters are normally deployed close to supported forces
to allow for the rapid execution of tasks. Speed of execution is enhanced through
sound battle procedure and concurrent activity. Maintaining aircraft at high
readiness states can further reduce reaction times. It must be realised that in some
cases the time required to prepare for and load helicopters can remove its speed
advantage over ground transport. The advantage will, return to the helicopter
over longer distances or difficult terrain. Accurate staff checks are essential
during all stages of the planning process.
f. Surprise. Because of the helicopter's speed, freedom of movement, ability to
operate at very low altitudes both day and night, and use of terrain masking
techniques, it can often achieve the element of surprise or escape detection
altogether. Where noise levels are low, surprise may be reduced due to the noise
produced by the aircraft.
g. Versatility. Most helicopters can carry out a wide range of tasks. Although each
doctrinal type of helicopter is likely to be more suited to some specific tasks, each
will normally be capable of performing other tasks to some extent. The degree to
which each helicopter can successfully execute the more specialized tasks is more
dependent on the equipment that is carried than on the airframe to which it is
attached. Utility helicopters, by definition, are inherently versatile.
15. Tactical helicopter forces operate with the following specific limitations:
LIMITATIONS
· Aircrew fatigue
· Availability
· Logistic support
· Night
· Payload
· Security
· Vulnerability
· Weather
a. Aircrew / Ground crew Fatigue. Fatigue must be considered
during operations; fatigue must be continually assessed in light of the
pace of operations and the level of acceptable risk. The potential for
catastrophic aircraft accidents due to fatigue among aircrew and ground
crew cannot be ignored.
b. Availability. Helicopters require an extensive amount of servicing and scheduled
maintenance to ensure their airworthiness. For planning purposes, approximately
75% of a unit’ aircraft should normally be available for tasking. For specific
operations with sufficient lead-time, higher availability may be achieved. All
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TACTICAL HELICOPTER OPERATIONS 直升机战术操作(5)
