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characterized as having ambiguous situations requiring the
peacekeepers to deal with tense and possibly violent factions
without becoming participants or showing favouritism. Peace
enforcement implies the threat or actual use of force to compel
hostile factions to cease their violent activities. Due to the volatile
nature of these operations, aviation units engaged in peace support
operations must have a heightened awareness of force protection
measures and procedures.
Tactical Helicopter Operations
18 B-GA-440-000/AF-000
g. Search and Rescue. While not
formally trained for Search and Rescue
missions, tactical helicopter units may be
tasked to search for and rescue personnel in
distress. While dedicated SAR assets provide
the primary SAR response in Canada, the
scarcity of these assets and the distances
between their operating bases indicate that
tactical helicopters may by default provide
the first response.
SECTION 3
ORGANIZING FOR BATTLE
8. Tactical helicopters are employed at all levels in army, air force, and joint operations. It
is important to understand the different nature of these operations.
9. When tactical helicopters are tasked directly by the air force in support of joint
operations, they are part of the overall Air Component of that joint force. Details on the nature
of Air Component Operations are contained in the Air Command doctrine manual, “Out of the
Sun”.
10. Canada’s army receives its tactical helicopter support from the air force. Normally, the
assignment of tactical helicopters to a land commander gives him Operational Command or
Control of these resources. These command and control relationship allows the gaining
commander to effectively task aircraft for the short notice tasks associated with operations in
relatively small area of operations. This decentralized form of execution is especially important
when C2 systems are lost or degraded due to enemy action or environmental conditions.
11. In a fully deployed Army, consisting of a number of Corps, aviation assets will be found
from the Army HQ level (Echelons above Corps or EAC) down to the independent brigade level.
The most specialized aviation assets such as Special Forces, Electronic Warfare, and Heavy Lift
aircraft, will be retained at the highest levels of command to react to requirements at the
operational level.
12. A Corps is the principal combat formation and has both tactical and combat service support
functions. A Corps consists of a number of Divisions and other specialized tactical elements including
tactical aviation. Normally there will be dedicated aviation assets retained at corps level for the execution
of specific Corps missions. Special Forces in particular are seldom grouped below Corps level.
Operations
B-GA-440-000/AF-000 19
Figure 2-1: Tactical Aviation’s Battlefield Focus (Extracted from FM-100)
13. The Divisions within a corps are structured dependent upon their role. As with the corps,
each division has both tactical and CSS functions. Each division consists of a number of
brigades and specialized supporting elements. The Division is normally the lowest level that
Aviation is permanently assigned.
14. A Tactical Aviation Wing consisting of reconnaissance, attack, and utility helicopter
squadrons would normally support a Division.
15. A Brigade is equipped based upon its role, and is a grouping of combat units with limited
integral combat support and combat service support. The brigades within a division normally
receive their aviation support from the assets held at division level.
16. The Brigade-Group contains a mixture of combat, combat support, and combat service
support elements to allow it to conduct independent operations. As a result, a brigade-group
deployed on operations is established with dedicated helicopter resources. Other independent
organizations normally have their own integral aviation.
17. A Tactical Helicopter Squadron is integral to the independent brigade-group on
operations. Ideally, the squadron will be equipped to provide reconnaissance, mobility, and fire
support to the formation. An independent squadron consists of 16-24 aircraft, integral
maintenance, logistics, and administrative support, and command and control elements. It is able
to move independently, and defend itself within a deployed brigade structure.
18. A Tactical Helicopter Flight will consist of up to eight aircraft and a command and
control element. It may also include a refueller and aircraft maintenance detachment. It is not
established to defend itself when deployed, and will rely on the supported unit for ground
defence. The supported unit will normally provide logistical support to the flight.
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