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of operations, logistics, and command. Their primary
purpose is to sustain the current close and deep
operations, and to posture the force for future
operations. Aviation can assist in the conduct of rear
operations with Rear Area Security (RAS)
responsibilities co-ordinated with the local commander
responsible for the RAS task. Contingency planning
and establishing the command and control relationships
for rear operations is essential for success. Aviation
must jointly plan and train with the forces tasked with
security in the rear area so that the capabilities and
limitations of all participants are clearly understood.
SECTION 6
TACTICAL AVIATION COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS
36. The combat effectiveness and survivability of tactical aviation forces is directly related to
the availability of the proper equipment; the development and use of sound tactics techniques
and procedures; pertinent and timely training; and sound planning by commanders at all levels.
Tactical Survivability
and Stand-Off
SA-6/11
2S6
AT-3
small arms
5 km 10 km 15 km 20 km
146401
1968
7.62mm
600 m
1980
T.O.W.
3750 m
1990
Hellfire
8000 m+
Operations
B-GA-440-000/AF-000 25
37. Equipment. The following types of equipment are considered to be essential for tactical
aviation forces:
a. systems for stand-off reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition;
b. stand-off weapons; and
c. defensive electronic warfare systems tailored to the threat.
38. Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures. Emphasis must be placed on the following
aspects of sound tactics development:
a. intelligence and information interpretation;
b. understanding capabilities and limitations of friendly and enemy forces;
c. the importance of terrain flight techniques;
d. the avoidance or suppression of enemy weapons systems;
e. the detection of enemy aircraft and subsequent actions;
f. fire and movement theory and techniques;
g. communications security; and
h. consealment, dispersion, and protection of unit locations.
39. All tactics, techniques, and procedures utilized by a force must be standardized as much
as possible. This will greatly simplify the integration of personnel from different units when
assembled for unique missions.
40. Training. As a first principal, the mission of the tactical aviation unit must dominate the
training plan. Training for operations is the foundation of readiness. Sound doctrine, plans,
tactics, and effective weapons systems in the hands of poorly trained personnel will not produce
the desired results during operations.
41. Commanders at all levels must insist on realistic and meaningful training at a level which
coincides with their required readiness level. Training may at times conflict with the many
Tactical Helicopter Operations
26 B-GA-440-000/AF-000
demands and non-operationally oriented activities that occur on a daily basis in garrison; the role
of the squadron must always be remembered, and priorities set.
42. Specific skills and knowledge are necessary to become proficient in the operation of
helicopters. The mission of the squadron will determine those areas where it should strive for
maximum proficiency. It must be remembered that tactical helicopters are machines intended for
war, and that flying is not an end to itself but a means of performing various combat tasks.
43. A sound knowledge of land force, air force, and tactical aviation operations is vital to
aviation success in combat. This knowledge is developed and achieved through training,
experience, and applicable courses.
44. A balance must be achieved between the requirement for flying skills proficiency, and
proficiency in operational tactics, techniques, and procedures. Many of the peacetime tasks
carried out by helicopters have only limited applications in combat. Conflicts between the desire
to satisfy the peacetime requirements of users and the necessity to improve the ability of units to
perform their primary tasks on operations must be balanced.
45. Commanders at every level influence the balance between the mechanical and tactical
aspects of flying, and the resolution of conflicts between tactical and non-tactical training. The
tactical aviator must be able to not only fly well, but as a member of a manoeuvre arm, to
exercise sound tactical judgement across the spectrum of conflict. The tactical aviator may
rapidly move from one tactical setting to another and is often called upon to support a series of
different commanders in varying situations. Thus, the aviator must have an extensive knowledge
of how other arms are organized and operate.
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TACTICAL HELICOPTER OPERATIONS 直升机战术操作(13)
