曝光台 注意防骗
网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者
Implementation of ATA Chart, Data and Avionics Harmonization
Top Priorities
Improved transatlantic coordination between working groups,
authorities & industry
ARINC 424, ATA FMS/RNAV Task Force, TARA, RTCA SC-
181 & 193, Eurocae WG-13 & 44, FAA, JAA, Eurocontrol,
ICAO…
Medium term - ATA CDAH priorities
Redesign of existing non-precision approaches to accommodate
VNAV
Altitudes at precision FAF’s
Unnamed step-down fixes
Waypoints on EFIS but not in database or charts
Waypoint names longer than five characters
Duplicate navaid and waypoint identifiers
Different altitude for same point on STAR’s and approaches
Magnetic variation tables used in course calculations
VNAV angle depiction on charts
Longer term - goals
Fully resolve the disconnect between :
the procedure design by the Airspace Planner,
the coded description in the navigation database,
and the way it is displayed and flown by the FMS
End-to-end certified process with integrity guidelines
and criteria
A worldwide, common process with Airworthiness
Authorities involvement under an ICAO mandate
Longer term - recommendations
Publication of a single standard/language for procedure
design, database coding, and FMS
Reduced ARINC 424 set
Improved charts-database-FMS compatibility
Design of “FMS-friendly” procedures
Publication of these procedures using FMS compatible
language (in addition to charts)
Publications of standards for navigation database
integrity and certification
Longer term - common language
Comprehensive worldwide commonality requires rules at
ICAO level
A common coding Standard should be :
clearly defined,
including rules for use by both the aircraft and the RNAV
Airspace Planner,
the minimum capability of any "FANS RNAV system”,
the maximum set usable by the RNAV Airspace Planner
This would ensure a unique unambiguous coding of
routes and procedures
Longer term - FMS friendly procedures
Use only fixed, named waypoints
For straight segments use only TF legs
For large course changes (>30°) use RF legs
Use only fly-by waypoint transitions (no overfly)
Put a waypoint at each vertical path change
Use descent gradients between 2.5° and 3.5°
Start the missed approach at or before the runway
Use same waypoint names and approach path for all approach types
to a given runway
Use unique waypoint names (max 5 characters)
Longer term - integrity
Integrity must concern the entire process, from
procedure design to the loading of the FMS
Ultimate goal should be a fully digital process
Process should be under direct supervision of airspace
management authorities
Worldwide implementation requires ICAO rules
End of presentation :
Any question?
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Aircraft Emissions 93
AIRCRAFT EMISSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This paper was written by Kristin Rypdal (Statistics Norway). It was reviewed by Niels Kilde, Steve Seide and
Karen Treanton.
ABSTRACT
The current tiered methodologies in the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reference Manual provide a good framework
for good practice for estimating and reporting the emissions from aviation. The main difficulty and uncertainty
lies in the distribution of fuel between domestic and international use. Only domestic use is to be included in the
national total when reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Consequently, good practice methodologies are particularly needed in order to collect relevant and accurate data
on domestic fuel used for aviation. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) from aviation are highly
uncertain, but do not contribute much to national totals.
Background Paper
94 Energy Sector
1 INTRODUCTION
The total contribution of aircraft emissions to total anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions was considered to
be about 2 percent in 1990 (IPCC, 1990). However, air traffic in the world is growing, and will likely continue to
grow. Though there is an improvement in fuel efficiency of new aircraft, the long lifetime of aircraft and the
expected growth in air traffic imply that this emission source in the future will increase in importance.
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：
航空资料1(84)
