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Altitude
Optimum
to –2000’
65 80 80 100 95 135
Cruise
Altitude
Optimum
to +2000’
90 60 25 145 30 25
Cruise
Mach
Mecon+.01
to Mecon
230 430 40 330 900 2540
Delayed
Climb
CFP to
500nm
late
240 220 180 330 390 340
CG mid to aft 710 330 0 600 900 1550
Descent
Speed
Max to
300kt
35 40 30 70 75 100
Early
Descent
CFP to
2min early
70 70 50 80 95 135
Hold Green Dot
Clean Conf
190 135 30 205 230 130
Getting to grips with Fuel Economy 6 - DETAILED SUMMARY
- 75 -
6.4 ECONOMIC BENEFITS
It may be that 5 or 10 kg extra fuel per flight does not seem significant in
terms of the total fuel burn during the flight. However this saving accumulates
with every flight. Sometimes the savings for an A340 seem worthwhile compared
with the equivalent value for an A320, but the increased number of flight cycles
for an A320 can make this saving more significant than that of the A340. The only
way to assess the impact of any saving is to look at it over a given time span.
The economic impact calculations have assumed typical yearly utilisation
rates, average sector lengths and sectors per year as follows:
The following table shows the annual cost savings for one aircraft associated
with various fuel savings for each Airbus type based on the above utilisation
figures. Fuel is assumed to cost $1/us gallon (33cents/kg).
Utilisation A300 A310 A320 A330 A340
Flying
Hours/year
2600 3200 2700 2900 4700
Average
sector - nm
2000 2000 1000 4000 6000
Average flight
time - hr
4.5 4.6 2.4 8.5 13.8
No of
sectors/year
580 700 1125 340 340
Savings/flight A300 A310 A320 A330 A340
10kg $1920 $2310 $3720 $1120 $1120
50kg $9600 $11550 $18600 $5600 $5600
250kg $48000 $57750 $93000 $28000 $28000
1000kg $192000 $231000 $372000 $112000 $112000
7 – CONCLUSIONS Getting to grips with Fuel Economy
- 76 -
7. CONCLUSIONS
There are many factors that influence the fuel used by aircraft, and these are
highlighted in this report. The unpredictability of fuel prices, together with the fact
that they represent such a large burden to the airline has prompted Airbus to be
innovative in the field of fuel conservation. The relationship between fuel used and
flight time is such that sometimes compromise is necessary to get the best
economics. Whether in the field of design engineering or in flight operations
support, we have always maintained a competitive edge. Whether it is in short or
ample supply, we have always considered fuel conservation a subject worth
revisiting.
Fuel conservation affects many areas including flight planning, flight
operations and maintenance. Airbus is willing and able to support airlines with
operational support in all the appropriate disciplines. Despite the increasing
efficiency of modern aircraft it is a subject that demands continuous attention and
an airline that can focus on the subject, together with the Operation Support of
Airbus is best placed to meet the challenges of surviving and profiting in the harsh
airline environment of the 21st century.
Getting to grips with Fuel Economy 8 - APPENDIXES
- 77 -
8. APPENDICES
These appendices contain climb and descent graphs for some of the other
variants of Airbus aircraft. Each airframe/engine combination have different
characteristics. Even the weight variant can influence these characteristics. It is
therefore impossible to include all variants, but the selection shown will give an
idea of the sensitivities of fuel burn and time to technique.
8 - APPENDICES Getting to grips with Fuel Economy
- 78 -
APPENDIX A (CLIMB CHARTS)
The climb chart for the A300 is given in the main report (5.2.3)
The A310 shows similar characteristics and is shown below. Note that the
lower mach numbers (0.76, 0.78 and 0.8) show no variation.
The main report gives the climb chart for the A320 which is similar to the
A318 and A319. The A321 however shows more significant differences.
Effect of Climb Technique on fuel and time to 130nm
A310-324 ISA F/L 350 Weight 130000kg
-6.00%
-4.00%
-2.00%
0.00%
2.00%
4.00%
6.00%
-1.00% 0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00%
Fuel - %
Time %
FMGS
280
300
320
330
Climb Speed kias
270
100kg
1 minute
M 0.82
Effect of Climb Technique on fuel and time to 230nm
A321-211 ISA F/L 350 Weight 80000kg
-6.00%
-4.00%
-2.00%
0.00%
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