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NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 4/35
Most GPWS alerts and warnings are generated
as a result of changes in radar altimeter heights or
the rates of those changes.
The system predicts potential hazards from
these trends, but has no forward looking capability.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 5/35
Therefore impact with a near vertical
cliff face can not be predicted. GPWS
does not absolve the crew from
monitoring aircraft position and safety
altitude !
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 6/35
The GPWS control panel is located
on the left side of the overhead panel.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 7/35
GPWS visual warnings are provided on
the MISCELLANEOUS panels .
The system can be tested by pressing
either GPWS-G/S pb sw. This test is
normally performed by the maintenance
crew.
In addition, two loudspeakers located on
each lower side of the main panel broadcast
GPWS aural warnings even if they are
turned off.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 8/35
GPWS enhances safety by alerting/warning the crew of potentially
hazardous situations during flight at low heights.
Crews should react to any GPWS warning immediately without
attempting to assess its validity.
GPWS operation is fully automatic in the normal lights out
configuration. We will now study the aural and visual alerts and
warnings.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 9/35
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 10/35
If a high rate of descent is detected at low level, GPWS
will generate an aural, repeated “Sink rate” alert.
If this rate is, or becomes excessive, the repetitive aural
warning “Whoop whoop pull up” will be generated.
In both cases, the red GPWS lights will illuminate.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 11/35
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 12/35
If rising ground is detected as a potential threat
to the safety of the aircraft, GPWS will alert the crew
with a repeated “Terrain” aural alert.
The system will generate a “Whoop whoop pull
up” warning after the terrain alert has been repeated
twice.
The red GPWS lights will illuminate in either case.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 13/35
If GPWS detects a rate of descent during the initial climb after
take-off or following a go-around, it will give a repeated “Don’t sink”
alert with accompanying GPWS red lights.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 14/35
If the landing gear and flaps are retracted and GPWS
detects that the aircraft is close to the ground, it
generates a “Too low, terrain” aural warning and the
GPWS red lights illuminates.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 15/35
At very low levels, the aural warning “Too low gear”
would be generated if the landing gear is still retracted.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 16/35
If the landing gear is down, but the flaps are not in
landing configuration, the warning is “Too low flaps”.
Note that the “Too low gear” warning has priority over
the “Too low flaps”.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 17/35
Below approximately 1000 ft on an approach, a GPWS
glide slope aural and visual alert will be generated if:
- the runway is ILS equipped,
- the ILS is tuned,
- the ILS signal is valid,
- the aircraft is significantly below the glide slope.
Both amber G/S lights will illuminate.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 18/35
The aural message will become louder, to
indicate a warning, if no corrective action is
taken as the aircraft gets closer to the ground,
or if it descends further below the glide slope.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 19/35
Note that some airports around the world have approaches and departures which are not
compatible with standard GPWS operation. These airports are programmed into the GPWS database
and the warning thresholds are modified to avoid nuisance warnings.
The GPWS panel allows the crew to inhibit some warnings.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 20/35
Flap 3 is a recognised landing configuration.
If the option is used or if required by an ECAM
procedure, the crew should select LDG FLAP 3 pb
sw ON to ensure that the GPWS does not generate
warnings when it detects that the aircraft is not in
the full flap configuration.
The associated green GPWS FLAP 3 memo
message is displayed on the E/WD.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 21/35
Following certain failures, a landing may
have to be made with a reduced flap setting.
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