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Pollutant Emission Inventories (Reference 23) also should be consulted for further guidance.
Typical stationary and area sources at airports and air bases are listed in Table H-1.
Table H-1: Stationary And Area Emissions Sources
Combustion Sources Non-Combustion Sources
Boilers
Space Heaters
Emergency Generators
Incinerators
Fire Training Facilities
Aircraft Engine Testing
Fuel Storage Tanks
Painting Operations
Deicing Operations
Solvent Degreasers
Sand/Salt Piles
Emission indices referenced in this section are typically given as pounds of pollutant emitted to
the atmosphere per a quantity of fuel or other material consumed. In some cases, the pollutants
for which emission indices are provided do not match those included in the emissions inventory.
For example, the scope of an airport emissions inventory may include CO, NOx, SO2, HC, and
PM-10 emissions. However, for some operations, the EPA emission index is given as PM instead
of PM-10, or as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) instead of HC or Total Organic
Compounds (TOC). Guidance on the differences between the pollutants and interpretation of
emission indices is given in the introduction to the EPA Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors (Reference 71), also known as AP-42.
H2 COMBUSTION SOURCES
The basic methodology for calculating emissions from each of these sources is fairly simple; the
quantity of fuel burned is multiplied by an emission index to determine the emission of each
pollutant. These pollutants commonly include the NAAQS pollutants CO, SO2, and PM-10. HC
and NOx emissions may also be included in the inventory, as they are precursors to the formation
of ozone, another NAAQS pollutant.
This section is divided into five parts. The first considers emissions from boilers and space
heaters. Emissions from these stationary and area combustion sources are estimated using
emission indices developed for boilers as presented in Sections 1.1-1.5 of Volume I of the EPA
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. The second part describes the methodology and
available information on calculating emissions from emergency generators. The third part
considers emissions from small incinerators that are present on some airports and air bases. The
H-8
fourth part of this section discusses pollutant emissions arising from live fire-fighting training
exercises. The fifth and final part considers emissions associated with the testing of aircraft
engines, either attached to the aircraft or isolated in a testing chamber.
H2.1 Boilers and Space Heaters
H2.1.1 Methodology
EPA provides emission indices for a wide range of boilers, but provides little emission
information specific to space heaters. For the purposes of airport and air base emissions
inventories, it can be assumed that the emission indices provided for boilers are applicable to
space heaters of a comparable size and fuel type.
Pollutant emissions from boilers and space heaters can be calculated using a methodology based
on fuel consumption rates and pollutant emission indices. Emissions of each pollutant are
calculated by multiplying the fuel consumption rate by the emission index specific to each
pollutant. This technique is repeated for each boiler or space heater on the airport or air base to
obtain total emissions for these stationary combustion sources.
Total pollutant emissions from one stationary combustion source in this category may be
estimated by applying Equation H-1:
Eti = S (F x EIi)
Where:
Eti - total emissions of pollutant i, in pounds, from the stationary source for given
time period
F - total amount of fuel consumption for given time period; liquid fuels should be
expressed in terms of thousand gallons, natural gas as million cubic feet (mcf),
and coal as tons.
EIi - emission index for pollutant i (pounds pollutant per thousand gallons, mcf, or ton
of fuel)
i - pollutant (CO, NOx, SO2, PM or PM-10, HC)
Equation H-1: Total Pollutant Emissions for Stationary Combustion Source
The emission index is multiplied by the total fuel consumption to estimate pollutant emissions
from the boiler or space heater. The accuracy of this methodology depends upon the ability to
determine an appropriate emission index for each pollutant. The following section describes how
to obtain EPA-approved emission indices for each combustion source.
H2.1.2 Data Sources
The particular data inputs required for the emissions calculation methodology for each source
(e.g., boiler or space heater) are listed in paragraphs 2.1.2.1 through 2.1.2.7.
H-9
H2.1.2.1 Rate of Fuel Consumption
Calculations for the emissions from airport and air base stationary combustion sources depend on
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