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that service aircraft as well as airports and air bases.
For aircraft GSE and AGE, exhaust emissions from each GSE/AGE type is calculated using sitespecific
GSE/AGE type and usage information combined with non-site-specific inputs (e.g.,
brake horsepower, load factor, emissions indices). Emissions from each GSE/AGE type are
totaled to obtain the total emissions inventory. This methodology can be used to calculate the
pollutant emissions from an individual type of equipment for one LTO of a given aircraft type or
for the entire inventory period independent of aircraft type based on the period the equipment
usage represents (e.g., hours of use required for the equipment type to service one LTO of an
aircraft type or for the entire inventory period). If the equipment usage is based on the hours
required to service one LTO of an aircraft type, the activity for each aircraft type is applied to the
GSE or AGE emissions per LTO calculated to obtain the total inventory emissions for
conventional and alternative fuel GSE or AGE. This approach is very flexible since emissions
can be calculated for as many or as few aircraft and LTOs as desired and for any inventory
period. If total usage hours for the inventory period (e.g., hours per year) are used, it is not
necessary to apply aircraft activity to the resulting emissions.
For airport GSE and air base AGE, GSE or AGE types and corresponding usage required for the
entire inventory period are needed. This type and usage information is then combined with the
remaining inputs to the emissions calculation to obtain GSE or AGE emissions for the given
inventory period. In general, only limited calculation input data is readily available, as discussed
below in Section F3.
Two calculation procedures are discussed below: a conventional/alternative fuel equipment
procedure and an electric equipment procedure. A separate calculation procedure is provided for
electric GSE and AGE since emissions attributable to the generation of electricity used by the
equipment are calculated (instead of from the equipment itself). Once emissions are calculated
for all conventional and alternative fuel GSE or AGE as well as electric GSE or AGE, the
emissions are summed to obtain the total inventory emissions. For air bases, the USAF document
Calculation Methods for Criteria Air Pollutant Emission Inventories (Reference 23) also should
be consulted for further guidance.
F-7
F2.1 Conventional and Alternative Fuel GSE/AGE
For conventional and alternative fuel GSE and AGE, the factors that determine the quantity of
pollutant emitted are the brake horsepower, load factor, usage, and emission index. Equation F-1
can be used to calculate the pollutant emissions from an individual type of equipment for one
LTO of a given aircraft type or for the entire inventory period independent of aircraft type based
on the period the equipment usage represents (e.g., hours of use required for the equipment type
to service one LTO of an aircraft type or for the entire inventory period).
Eit = (BHPt x LFt x Ut x EIit) x CF
Equation F-1: Conventional and Alternative Fuel GSE/AGE Emission Calculation
Where: Eit - emissions of pollutant i, in pounds, produced by GSE or AGE type t
BHPt - average rated brake horsepower (BHP) of the engine for equipment type t
LFt - load factor utilized in ground support operations for equipment type t
Ut - hours of use for equipment type t (e.g., to service one LTO of an aircraft
type or for the entire inventory period)
EIit - emission index for pollutant I, in grams per BHP-hr, which is specific to a
given engine size and fuel type
i - pollutant type (e.g., HC)
t - equipment type (e.g., diesel air start unit)
CF - 0.0022046 unit conversion factor from grams to pounds
F2.2 Electric GSE/AGE
Use of electric GSE or AGE produces no emissions at the airport or air base but generating the
electricity needed to operate them does. When electricity is used at an airport or air base to
recharge an electric vehicle, local or regional power plants are generating additional electricity to
meet this demand. In the case of electric GSE or AGE, the emissions attributable to the
generation of electricity for use by the equipment are calculated.
Since emissions associated with electric GSE or AGE occur at the power plant rather than at the
point where the equipment is used, the methodology identified above for conventional and
alternative fuel GSE and AGE is modified somewhat. For each type of electric GSE or AGE,
emissions are calculated based on the emission indices of the electric power plant and the amount
of electricity consumed or hours of GSE/AGE usage. Or
Eit = BHPt x LFt x Ut (EIit x CFBHP x CFR)
Equation F-2 calculates the pollutant emissions attributable to an individual type of electric
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Air Quality Handbook航空质量手册(82)
