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Equation E-2. Equation E-2 multiples the APU emissions per LTO for a given aircraft type and
operating time (determined using the above equation) by the number of corresponding LTOs,
then sums the emissions over all aircraft types.
ETi = S (EIij x LTOj)
Equation E-2 : Total APU Emissions
Where: ETi - total APU emissions of pollutant i, in pounds, produced by all aircraft types
in question
EIij - emission index for pollutant i, in pounds of pollutant per one thousand
pounds of fuel, for each APU used on aircraft type j
LTOj - number of landing and takeoff cycles for aircraft type j during the inventory
period
E-6
E2. DATA SOURCES
E2.1 APU Model
The particular APU model that is installed on an aircraft must be determined to select the
emission indices used in calculating the emissions. Individual aircraft operators at airports or the
air base’s operations department are potential sources of site-specific APU model information. If
site-specific information is not available, the FAA and EPA’s Technical Data to Support FAA’s
Advisory Circular on Reducing Emissions from Commercial Aviation (Reference 52) lists APU
models commonly found on commercial aircraft. For military aircraft, default data is provided in
the USAF’s The Engine Handbook (Reference 44) or the latest version of EPA’s Compilation of
Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume II (Reference 71), which list several military aircraft
and their common APU models.
E2.2 Emission Indices and Fuel Flow
Emission indices and fuel flow vary by APU model. APU emission indices generally are in
pounds of pollutant per 1000 pounds of fuel consumed. APU fuel flow typically is in pounds per
minute of usage. Emission indices and fuel flow are provided for several APU models in the
FAA and EPA’s Technical Data to Support FAA’s Advisory Circular on Reducing Emissions
from Commercial Aviation (Reference 52). Potential sources of additional emission index and
fuel flow data are APU engine manufacturers. Where emission indices and fuel flow are
unavailable for a specific APU, data for an alternative unit of the same or similar horsepower
should be used.
E2.3 Operating Time
The APU operating time for the full aircraft LTO must be known to calculate emissions. This
includes time the APU operates while parked at a gate or parking space, during aircraft or APU
maintenance, and during aircraft taxi, approach, or climbout. APU operating time varies by LTO,
aircraft, operator, and airport. Potential sources of site-specific APU operating time data are
individual aircraft operators at airports or the air base’s operations department. If no information
is available, surveys of operators could be conducted. If site-specific information is not available,
an airline, airport, or air base average APU operating time can be used.
As a last resort, if APU operating time data is not available, a conservative estimate would be to
assume the APU runs the entire time the aircraft is on the ground. If the aircraft total ground time
is not available, the rough estimate of a one hour turn around time at the gate can be added to
aircraft taxi time. See the commercial aircraft or military aircraft inventory section for more
information on aircraft taxi data.
E2.4 Aircraft Fleet and Activity
See the commercial aircraft or military aircraft inventory section in Appendix D for more
information on aircraft fleet and activity.
Appendix F: Ground Support Equipment and
Aerospace Ground Equipment
Emission Methodology
F-2
F-3
Appendix F: Ground Support Equipment and Aerospace Ground
Equipment Emission Methodology
CONTENTS
F1. OVERVIEW ________________________________________________________5
F2. METHODOLOGY___________________________________________________6
F2.1 Conventional and Alternative Fuel GSE/AGE _______________________________ 7
F2.2 Electric GSE/AGE ______________________________________________________ 7
F3. DATA SOURCES____________________________________________________8
F3.1 Conventional and Alternative Fuel GSE/AGE _______________________________ 8
F3.1.1 GSE/AGE Type______________________________________________________________8
F3.1.2 Usage______________________________________________________________________8
F3.1.3 Brake Horsepower____________________________________________________________9
F3.1.4 Load Factor _________________________________________________________________9
F3.1.5 Emission Indices _____________________________________________________________9
F3.2 Electric GSE/AGE ______________________________________________________ 9
F3.2.1 GSE/AGE Type______________________________________________________________9
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