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The methodology for calculating hydrocarbon emissions from painting operations is quite
simple. For each type of coating fluid used in painting, the quantity of coating used is multiplied
by the VOC content of the coating to obtain the total hydrocarbon emissions from the use of that
coating. If any type of air pollution control equipment is in use, then the hydrocarbon emissions
estimate is reduced to reflect the effects of the air pollution control. The methodology is
expressed by Equation H-9:
EHC = S [Qi x VOCi x (1 - CF/100)]
Where:
EHC - total volatile hydrocarbon emissions from painting operations
Qi - total quantity of coating type i used in time period being studied
(gallons)
VOCi - VOC content for coating type i (lb VOC emissions/gallon)
CF - air pollution control factor (%)
i - coating type (paint, varnish/shellac, lacquer, enamel, primer)
Equation H-9: Hydrocarbon Emissions For Painting Operations
5 Jagielski, Kurt D., and Robert J. O'Brien, Calculation Methods for Criteria Air Pollutant Emission
Inventories, pp. 60-61.
H-22
H3.2.2 Data Sources
To estimate the hydrocarbon emissions from painting facilities at an airport and air bases, four
data inputs are required: the type of coating used, the quantity of coating used, an uncontrolled
emission index, and an air pollution control factor (if applicable).
H3.2.2.1 Type of Coating
Coatings include paint, varnish and shellac, lacquer, enamel, and primer. The airport operator,
maintenance department, aircraft operator, or base operations department should be able to
provide information on the type of coatings used.
H3.2.2.2 Quantity of Coating
The quantity of each type of coating used should be obtained and expressed in gallons.
Information on the quantity of coating used should be obtained from the base operations section
or maintenance department.
H3.2.2.3 VOC Content (by volume)
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or coating manufacturers should be consulted to obtain the
volatile content, expressed in terms of pounds per gallon of solvent or VOC’s. If this information
is unavailable, default values from Table H-5 may be used.
Surface Coating VOC Content
(lb/gal)
Paint (Solvent Base) 5.6
Paint (Water Base) 1.3
Enamel 3.5
Lacquer 6.1
Primer 6.6
Varnish/Shellac 3.3
Thinner 7.36
Adhesive 4.4
Table H-5: VOC Content Of Common Surface Coatings6
6 Source: Jagielski, Kurt D. , and Robert J. O’Brien, Calculation methods for criteria Air Pollutants
Emission Inventories, p.60.
H-23
H3.2.2.4 Air Pollution Control Factor
Air pollution control equipment such as activated carbon adsorption or afterburner destruction of
the vapors is sometimes used in painting operations. Information on the demonstrated
effectiveness of these control methods should be obtained from the airport maintenance section,
base operations department, or equipment manufacturers.
H3.3 Deicing Operations
H3.3.1 Methodology
Hydrocarbon emissions result from the application of deicing fluid to both aircraft and runways.
Common aircraft deicing fluids are a mixture of water and propylene glycol or ethylene glycol.
These chemicals are slightly volatile and a small fraction of the chemical is likely to evaporate
after the deicing fluid is applied. Other chemicals present in runway deicing fluids include urea
and other organic and inorganic salts, most of which are unlikely to contribute to HC emissions.
A methodology for estimating HC emissions from aircraft and runway deicing operations based
on emission indices from independent sources is presented here. Because of the different
practices for deicing of runways and aircraft, these two operations are considered separately and
have two different emission indices. A similar methodology is used for both cases, however. The
mass of organic chemical consumed (commonly propylene glycol or ethylene glycol) is
determined by multiplying the volume of deicing fluid consumed by the density of the fluid and
by the concentration of the chemical in the fluid. The calculated mass of organic chemical
consumed is multiplied by an emission index to determine the hydrocarbon emissions from the
application of the deicing fluid. The overall methodology is expressed by Equation H-10:
EHC = S [QFj x Dj x (Cij/100) x EIij]
Where:
EHC - annual HC emissions from deicing activities (pounds)
QFj - quantity of deicing fluid used per year in operation type j (gallons)
Dj - density of deicing fluid used in operation type j (pounds/gallon)
Cij - concentration of chemical i in deicing fluid for operation type j (percent
by weight)
EIij - emission index for chemical used in deicing operation type j (pounds
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Air Quality Handbook航空质量手册(100)
