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Officer (SHPO)
A person appointed by a governor, under an ACHP approved
historic preservation program, that provides expert advice to
Federal agencies.
Stable Layer A layer of air in which very little mixing takes place.
State Implementation Plan (SIP) The strategy to be used by a state to control air pollution in
order that the NAAQS will be met. EPA regulations require
that each state devise such a plan or the EPA will impose its
own plan for that state.
Stationary Source A source of pollutants which is immobile. Such sources
include power plants, individual heater, incinerators, fuel
tanks, ARFF training, facilities and solvent degreasers,
among others.
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) This is a corrosive and poisonous gas produced mainly from
the burning of sulfur containing fuel. Very little SO2 is
emitted from any aviation sources.
Surface Layer The layer of air near the ground, generally 1 to 100 meters
high, where surface features (e.g. trees, buildings) affect
atmospheric turbulence and diffusion.
Thrust A measure of the power generated by turbine engines. Thrust
is measured in pounds (force) or kiloNewtons (kN). 1kN =
4,450 lb.
Tiering Already published environmental analyses (EAs and EISs) of
broader scope that are incorporated by reference in support
of a specific project assessment or statement as a method of
reducing paperwork to the best advantage of the NEPA and
EIAP process.
Total Organic Gases (TOG) This term includes all hydrocarbon compounds in an
emission sample. See also HC and VOC. These terms are not
interchangeable.
Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) These are solid or liquid particles small enough to remain
suspended in air. They range widely in size from particles
visible as soot or smoke to those too small to detect except
with an electron microscope.
Tribal Historic Preservation Officer
(THPO)
A person appointed by a tribal government, under an ACHP
approved historic preservation program, that provides expert
advice to Federal agencies.
Transportation Control Plan (TCP) A plan specifying measures to regulate the emission of
pollutants from mobile sources.
Turbulence Unsteady and irregular motions of air in the atmosphere.
xxiv
Undertaking Under the National Historic Preservation Act, any Federal
action that may affect properties eligible for or listed in the
National Register of Historical Places.
Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) The sum of distances traveled by all motor vehicles in a
specified region. VMT is equal to the total number of vehicle
trips multiplied by the trip distance (measured in miles). This
sum is used in computing an emission inventory for motor
vehicles.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) VOCs are created when fuels or organic waste materials are
burned. Most HCs are presumed to be VOCs in the
regulatory context, unless otherwise specified by the EPA.
Conversion Factors for Common Measures of Organic Air
Pollutants
The aircraft engine emissions data referred to throughout
this report exclude methane and ethane and are designated
“total hydrocarbon” or HC. When methane and ethane are
included, this is commonly referred to as “total organic
gases” (TOG) or “total organic compounds” (TOC). These
differences are artifacts of the different analytical
techniques used to measure the pollutants. Neither measure
is equivalent to EPA’s commonly used “volatile organic
compounds” or VOC. The following factors should be used
to convert between these terms. The TOG and VOC
equations may be reversed to convert from TOG to VOC
and VOC to HC.
Air Taxi &
Commercial Military General Aviation
TOG = VOC*1.1167 VOC*1.1147 VOC*1.1347
VOC = HC*1.0947 HC*1.1046 HC*0.9708
1
1. INTRODUCTION
The air quality handbook was first published in 1982 by the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) and the United States Air Force (USAF). This handbook provides additional and updated
guidance to the air quality analyst/environmental specialist in assessing the air quality impact of
a Federal project.
The procedures in this handbook are consistent with all current Federal air quality laws and
regulations affecting aviation including the National Environmental Policy Act, Council on
Environmental Quality regulations, Clean Air Act , as amended, and other related statutes,
regulations, directives and orders. Most of the procedures and analyses discussed in this
handbook apply to both airports and air bases. This handbook only addresses airport and air base
actions within the U.S., its territories and possessions. Although this handbook does not cover
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