曝光台 注意防骗
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leaded aviation gasoline in piston-engine aircraft.
Lead Agency
The agency preparing or having taken primary responsibility
for preparing the EIS.
Line Source A long, narrow source of emissions such as roadway or
runway.
Local Meteorology The weather conditions, temperature, wind velocity, mixing
height, cloud cover, etc. that exist in a particular area.
LTO
Macroscale
LTO refers to an aircraft’s landing and takeoff (LTO) cycle.
One aircraft LTO is equivalent to two aircraft operations
(one landing and one takeoff). The standard LTO cycle
begins when the aircraft crosses into the mixing zone as it
approaches the airport on its descent from cruising altitude,
lands and taxis to the gate. The cycle continues as the aircraft
taxis back out to the runway for takeoff and climbout as its
heads out of the mixing zone and back up to cruising altitude.
The five specific operating modes in a standard LTO are:
approach, taxi/idle-in, taxi/idle-out, takeoff, and climbout.
Most aircraft go through this sequence during a complete
standard operating cycle.
Large scale analysis involving distances starting from 100 to
several thousand kilometers and averaging times of one to
several days.
Maintenance Area (MA) Any geographic area of the United States previously
designated nonattainment pursuant the CAA Amendments of
1990 and subsequently redesignated to attainment.
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) A MOA is prepared to document commitments for mitigating
adverse impacts on properties eligible for or listed in the
National Register of Historic Places.
MAP
Mesoscale
MAP refers to the number of million annual passengers for a
facility (counted as enplanements and deplanements,
including transfers but excluding through passengers).
Medium scale analysis involving distances of 1 to 100
kilometers and averaging times of one to twenty-four hours.
Meteorological Variables Wind speed and direction, mixing height temperature,
pressure, degree of turbulence, sunlight intensity, humidity
and precipitation.
Microscale Small scale analysis involving distances up to approximately
one kilometer and averaging times up to several tens of
minutes.
Mitigation This term is defined in 40 CFR 1508.20. It includes: (1)
avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain
xx
action or parts of an action or finding a new site; (2)
minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of
the action and its implementation; (3) rectifying the impact
by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the affected
environment; (4) reducing or eliminating the impact over
time by preservation and maintenance operations during the
life of the action; and (5) compensating for the impact by
replacing or providing substitute resources or environments.
Mixing Height The height of the completely mixed portion of atmosphere
that begins at the earth’s surface and extends to a few
thousand feet overhead where the atmosphere becomes fairly
stable. See also “inversion”.
Mobile Source A moving vehicle that emits pollutants. Such sources include
airplanes, automobiles, trucks and ground support
equipment.
Modal Emissions Factors Vehicular emissions factors for individual modes of
operation. For aircraft, these modes are takeoff, climbout,
approach and taxi.
Model A quantitative or mathematical representation or simulation
which attempts to describe the characteristics or relationships
of physical events.
Monitoring Site A location of a measurement device in a monitoring network.
MSL Mean Sea Level.
mg/m3 Micrograms per cubic meter.
National Ambient Air Quality Standard
(NAAQS)
Air Quality standards established by the EPA to protect
human health (primary standards) and to protect property and
aesthetics (secondary standards).
National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA)
An Act established to declare a national policy that will
encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between
society and the environment; to promote efforts that will
prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and the
biosphere, and stimulate the health and welfare of man; and
to enrich the understanding of the ecological systems and
natural resources important to the nation.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) A poisonous and highly reactive gas produced when fuel is
burned at high temperatures causing some of the abundant
nitrogen in the air to burn also. At airports this pollutant is
emitted by automobiles, aircraft engines, electric power
plants and other combustion equipment. Takeoff and
climbout are the significant NOx producing modes of aircraft
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Air Quality Handbook航空质量手册(7)
