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by calculating the difference between the volume of solvent consumed and the volume of solvent
disposed as liquid, and multiplying this difference by the density of the solvent. This
methodology is expressed by Equation H-12, which computes the hydrocarbon emission for one
solvent degreaser:
H-26
EHC = D x (QC - QD)
Where:
EHC - hydrocarbon emissions from solvent degreasing unit (pounds)
QC - quantity of solvent consumed in solvent degreaser in given time period
(gallons)
QD - quantity of solvent disposed of as liquid in given time period (gallons)
D - density of solvent (pounds per gallon)
Equation H-12: Hydrocarbon Emission For Solvent Degreasers
H3.4.2 Data Sources
H3.4.2.1 Quantity of Solvent Consumed
This information, expressed in gallons, should be available from the operator of the solvent
degreaser.
H3.4.2.2 Quantity of Solvent Disposed as Liquid
This information, expressed in gallons, should be available from the operator of the solvent
degreaser. If no records on solvent disposal are available, then it should be assumed that 100% of
the solvent consumed by the solvent degreaser is released to the atmosphere as hydrocarbon
emissions.
H3.4.2.3 Density of Solvent
Available from the operator of the solvent degreaser, from the solvent manufacturer, or from
Table H-7. Density should be expressed as pounds per gallon.
Solvent Density
(lb/gal)
Solvent Density
(lb/gal)
Solvent Density
(lb/gal)
Acetone 6.604 Ether 6.136 1,1,1-
Trichloroethane
11.174
Alcohol (ethyl) 6.604 Isopropyl alcohol 6.555 Trichloroethylene
12.219
Alcohol (methyl) 6.751 Methylene Chloride 11.070 Turpentine 7.259
Carbon
tetrachloride
13.315 Perchloro-ethylene 13.541 Water 8.345
Chloroform 12.432 Stoddard Solvent 6.497
Table H-7: Density of Common Solvents Used in Solvent Degreasers8
8 Source: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 63rd Edition.
H-27
H3.5 Sand/Salt Piles
A methodology for estimating emissions from material storage piles is given in Sections 13.2.4
and 13.2.5 of Volume I of EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. Methodologies
are provided for the two chief emissions sources associated with storage piles: batch loading and
unloading of material, and wind erosion of the piles.
H3.5.1 Methodology - Material Loading and Unloading
The major source of particulate emissions during loading and unloading of piles occurs as
material is dropped from a loader onto the pile or into a truck. A methodology for calculating the
particulate emission index for these events is provided in Volume I of Compilation of Air
Pollutant Emission Factors, requiring only mean wind speed, material moisture content, and
cutoff particle size (i.e. 10 mm if PM-10 is desired). Particulate matter emissions are estimated by
multiplying an emission index by the quantity of material transferred to or from the pile during
the desired time period. This is expressed by Equation H-13:
EPM = 2 x TH x EI
Where:
EPM - total particulate emissions from pile loading and unloading
2 - factor representing number of drops material undergoes; once during
loading and once during unloading
TH - total throughput of sand and salt stored in pile in given time period
(tons)
EI - emission index, given as pounds of particulate matter emitted per ton of
material undergoing drop operation
Equation H-13: Particulate Matter Emissions for Sand/Salt Piles
H3.5.2 Data Sources - Material Loading and Unloading
The EPA methodology for calculating emissions during loading and unloading of material piles
requires mean wind speed, pile moisture content, and the quantity of material loaded and
unloaded.
H3.5.2.1 Mean Wind Speed (m/s)
For this calculation, only one figure for the mean wind speed at the airport is required. This may
be obtained from the National Climatic Data Center or from the weather station on site.
H3.5.2.2 Pile Moisture Content (%)
This information can be obtained by direct sampling of the piles, or from the maintenance or
base operations section. Section 13.2.4 of Volume I of Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors provides information on the moisture content of material types by industry, such as 7.4%
for a sand pile located at a municipal landfill. This value may be used if moisture content of piles
located on the site is not available.
H-28
H3.5.2.3 Quantity of Material Loaded and Unloaded (tons)
This information should be obtained from the maintenance or base operations department.
Because the methodology takes into account both loading and unloading of the pile, the desired
information is the material “throughput” for each pile.
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