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dispersion modeling of mobile source emissions.
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Model Name Type Applicability
CALINE3 Gaussian Highway emissions
Climatological Dispersion Model (CDM) Gaussian General stack sources
Gaussian-Plume Multiple Source Air Quality
Algorithm (RAM)
Gaussian General stack sources
Industrial Source Complex Model (ISC3) Gaussian General stack sources;
Complex terrain
Urban Airshed Model (UAM) 3-D numerical Urban ozone modeling
Offshore and Coastal Dispersion Model (OCD) Gaussian Pollutant transport over
water and coastal areas
Complex Terrain Dispersion Model Plus
Algorithms for Unstable Situations
(CTDMPLUS)
Gaussian General stack sources;
Complex terrain
Table 2: Other EPA Preferred Air Quality Models6
6 Source: Appendix A: Summaries of Preferred Air Quality Models of Code of Federal Regulations Title
40 Part 51, Appendix W "Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised)" (Reference 8).
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5. CONFORMITY
The concept of conformity is a key component in the attainment of national air quality standards,
and an important concept to consider when assessing the air quality impact of FAA or USAF
actions in nonattainment or maintenance areas. In large part, the administration and enforcement
of air pollution regulations are delegated to individual states. (A SIP is a plan that provides for
implementation, maintenance, and enforcement of the NAAQS.)
The CAA Amendments of 1977 stated that no Federal agency could engage in, support in any
way, provide financial assistance for, license, permit, or approve any activity that did not
“conform” to a SIP after its approval or promulgation. Although the amendments addressed the
association of Federal agency activities with a SIP, they did not define “conformity” in detail.
The CAA Amendments of 1990 (Reference 5) remedied this situation by defining conformity and
expanding the scope and content of the relevant provisions. A Federal agency responsible for an
applicable action is required to determine if the action “conforms” to the applicable SIP, by
ensuring that the action does not:
· Cause or contribute to new violations of any NAAQS,
· Increase the frequency or severity of existing violations of any NAAQS, or
· Delay the timely attainment of any NAAQS or any required interim emission reductions
or milestones.
Federal actions subject to conformity are divided into two categories: transportation conformity
actions and general conformity actions. Transportation conformity actions are Federal actions in
nonattainment and maintenance areas related to transportation plans, programs, and projects that
are developed, funded, or approved under title 23 U.S.C. or the Federal Transit Act (49 U.S.C.
1601 et seq.), or are regionally significant. Transportation conformity actions must meet the
procedures and criteria of the Transportation Conformity Rule [40 Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR) Part 51, Subpart T]. General conformity actions are all other Federal actions in
nonattainment and maintenance areas that are not covered by the Transportation Conformity
Rule. General conformity actions must meet the procedures and criteria of the General
Conformity Rule (40 C.F.R. Part 51, Subpart W; 40 C.F.R. Part 93 Subpart B), effective January
31, 1994 (Reference 7). Most Federal actions at airports are general conformity actions.
Roadways and transit construction, generally off airport property, that is developed, funded, or
approved by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) or Federal Transit Administration
(FTA) are transportation conformity actions. Discussions of conformity in this document refer to
general conformity, unless otherwise noted.
Each state must submit to the EPA criteria and procedures for assessing the conformity of
Federal actions to its SIP. Once a revised SIP that includes conformity rules is submitted and
approved by EPA, State rules can be applied. However, until EPA approves the State rules, the
Federal rule at 40 CFR part 93 should be applied. States may set forth more stringent
requirements (e.g., lower threshold levels), but conformity requirements then must apply to non-
Federal as well as Federal entities.
The General Conformity Rule consists of three major parts: applicability, analysis, and
procedure. These three parts are discussed below, as well as integration with the NEPA
(Reference 30) process and relevant references and sources of more detailed conformity
information.
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5.1 Applicability
For applicable actions, a Federal agency must make a determination that a Federal action
conforms to the applicable implementation plan in accordance with the General Conformity Rule
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