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Weight-Shift Control Aircraft
Flying Handbook
U.S. Department of Transportation
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
Flight Standards Service
2008
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Preface
The Weight-Shift Control (WSC) Aircraft Flying Handbook introduces the basic pilot knowledge and skills that are essential
for piloting WSC aircraft. It introduces pilots to the broad spectrum of knowledge that is needed as they progress in their
pilot training. This handbook is for student pilots, as well as those pursuing more advanced pilot certifi cates.
Student pilots learning to fl y WSC aircraft, certifi cated pilots preparing for additional WSC ratings or who desire to improve
their fl ying profi ciency and aeronautical knowledge, and commercial WSC pilots teaching WSC students how to fl y should
fi nd this handbook helpful. This book introduces the prospective pilot to the realm of WSC fl ight and provides information
and guidance to all WSC pilots in the performance of various maneuvers and procedures.
This handbook conforms to pilot training and certifi cation concepts established by the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA). There are different ways of teaching, as well as performing fl ight procedures and maneuvers, and many variations
in the explanations of aerodynamic theories and principles. This handbook adopts a selective method and concept to fl ying
WSC aircraft. The discussions and explanations refl ect the most commonly used practices and principles. Occasionally,
the word “must” or similar language is used where the desired action is deemed critical. The use of such language is not
intended to add to, interpret, or relieve a duty imposed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR).
It is essential for persons using this handbook also to become familiar with and apply the pertinent parts of 14 CFR and
the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). Performance standards for demonstrating competence required for pilot
certifi cation are prescribed in the appropriate WSC practical test standard.
This handbook is available for download, in PDF format, from the FAA website, www.faa.gov.
This handbook is published by the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airman
Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.
Comments regarding this publication should be sent, in email form, to the following address:
AFS630comments@faa.gov
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The Weight-Shift Control Aircraft Flying Handbook was produced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) with
the assistance of Safety Research Corporation of America. The FAA wishes to acknowledge the following contributors for
images provided and used throughout the handbook:
Paul Hamilton of Adventure Productions
AirBorne Australia
Matt Liknaitzky of MGL Avionics
Jon P. Thornburgh
Tampa Bay Aerosports
Gerry Charlebois of Birds in Paradise
Wills Wing, Inc.
Acknowledgments
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Preface ...................................................................iii
Acknowledgments ..................................................v
Table of Contents .................................................vii
Chapter 1
Introduction To Weight-Shift Control ................1-1
Introduction ....................................................................1-1
History............................................................................1-2
Hang Glider ................................................................1-4
Motorized Hang Gliders .............................................1-4
New Challenges ..........................................................1-5
Light Sport Aircraft (LSA) ............................................1-6
Weight-Shift Control Aircraft ....................................1-7
Weight-Shift Control LSA Requirements ..................1-8
Flight Operations and Pilot Certifi cates .........................1-8
Basic Pilot Eligibility .................................................1-9
Flight Safety Practices ...................................................1-9
Collision Avoidance ...................................................1-9
Runway Incursion Avoidance ..................................1-10
Positive Transfer of Controls ...................................1-10
Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) .......................1-10
Avoiding Pilot Errors ...............................................1-11
Scenario-Based Training ..........................................1-12
Resource Management .............................................1-12
Use of Checklists ......................................................1-12
Medical Factors ...........................................................1-13
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