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transport, normal, utility, acrobatic, limited, restricted, and
provisional.
Aircraft flight manual (AFM). Also called the Pilot’s
Operating Handbook (POH), a document developed by the
aircraft manufacturer and approved by the FAA. It is specific
to a particular make and model aircraft by a serial number,
and contains operating procedures and limitations.
Aircraft operating instructions (AOI). An alternative to
the approved term, Pilot's Operating Handbook.
Airfoil. Any surface, such as a wing or propeller, which
provides aerodynamic force when it interacts with a moving
stream of air.
Airmanship. A sound acquaintance with the principles of
flight, the ability to operate an airplane with competence and
precision both on the ground and in the air, and the exercise
of sound judgment that results in optimal operational safety
and efficiency.
Airmanship skills. The skills of coordination, timing, control
touch, and speed sense in addition to the motor skills required
to fly an aircraft.
Airport. An area of land or water that is used or intended to
be used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft, including its
buildings and facilities, if any.
Airport/facility directory (A/FD). A publication of the
Federal Aviation Administration containing information
on all airports, seaplane bases, and heliports open to the
public. The A/FD contains communication data, navigational
facilities, and certain special notices and procedures.
Airspace. The space above a certain geographical area.
Airworthiness. A state in which an aircraft or component
meets the conditions of its type design and is in a condition
for safe operation.
Airworthiness Certificate. A certificate issued by the
FAA to aircraft that have been proven to meet the minimum
standards set down by the Code of Federal Regulations.
Airworthiness Directive (AD). A regulatory notice sent
out by the FAA to the registered owner of an aircraft
informing the owner of a condition that prevents the aircraft
from continuing to meet its conditions for airworthiness.
Compliance with AD notes must be within the required time
limit, and the fact of compliance, the date of compliance, and
the method of compliance must be recorded in the aircraft’s
maintenance records.
Altimeter. A flight instrument that indicates altitude by
sensing pressure changes.
AME. See Aviation Medical Examiner.
Ammeter. An instrument installed in series with an electrical
load used to measure the amount of current flowing through
the load.
Angle of attack (AOA). The acute angle between the chord
line of the airfoil and the direction of the relative wind.
Angle of incidence. The angle formed by the chord line
of the wing at the keel of a WSC and a line parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the WSC carriage. The angle of incidence
changes in the WSC controlled by the pilot.
Anhedral. A downward slant from root to tip of an aircraft’s
wing opposite from dihedral.
Annual inspection. A complete inspection of an aircraft and
engine, required by the Code of Federal Regulations, to be
accomplished every 12 calendar months on all certificated
aircraft. Only an A&P technician holding an Inspection
Authorization can conduct an annual inspection.
AOA. See angle of attack.
AOI. See aircraft operating instructions.
Arm. The horizontal distance in inches from the reference
datum line to the center of gravity of an item. Used in weight
and loading calculations.
AROW. Certificates and documents required to be onboard
an aircraft to determine airworthiness: Airworthiness
certificate, Registration certificate, Operating limitations,
Weight and balance data.
ASOS. See Automated Surface Observing System.
Aspect ratio. Span of a wing divided by its average chord.
G-3
Asymmetrical airfoil. An airfoil section that is not the same
on both sides of the chord line.
ATC. Air traffic control.
ATIS. See Automatic Terminal Information Service.
Attitude. The position of an aircraft as determined by the
relationship of its axes and a reference, usually the earth’s
horizon.
Attitude of pilot. A personal motivational predisposition to
respond to persons, situations, or events in a given manner
that can, nevertheless, be changed or modified through
training as sort of a mental shortcut to decision-making.
Attitude management of pilot. The ability to recognize
hazardous attitudes in oneself and the willingness to modify
them as necessary through the application of an appropriate
antidote thought.
Automated flight service station. An FAA air traffic facility
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