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Downwind
Crosswind
Departure Climb
Figure 10-3. Weight-shift control on the downwind leg of an airport inside pattern.
Segmented Circle
Showing Best
Pattern Direction
Wind Cone
Traffic Pattern
Indicators Show
Base Leg of
Traffic Pattern
Runway
Figure 10-4. Left hand pattern for runway in both directions.
10-6
Figure 10-6. Example of traffic pattern indicator on sectional
showing right hand pattern for runway 9. See Figure 10-5 for
segmented circle for this airport.
Figure 10-5. Left hand pattern for one direction and right hand
pattern for other direction.
As discussed earlier, all patterns are left hand unless indicated
otherwise. Sectional aeronautical charts list a right hand
pattern along with the airport information as shown in
Figure 10-6. The segmented circle of Figure 10-5 and the
airport shown in Figure 10-6 both clearly show the patterns
for this airport.
A segmented circle in Figure 10-7 provides traffi c patterns
so there is no air traffi c over the lower right hand area, which
could be a hazard or populated area.
Inbound to an uncontrolled airport, the CTAF frequency
should be monitored to listen for other aircraft in the pattern
to fi nd out what is the active runway being used by other air
traffi c. [Figure 10-8]
When approaching an airport for landing, the traffi c pattern
should be entered at a 45° angle to the downwind leg, headed
toward a point abeam of the midpoint of the runway to be
used for landing as shown in Figures 10-1 and 10-7. Arriving
aircraft should be at the proper traffi c pattern altitude before
entering the pattern and should stay clear of the traffi c
fl ow until established on the entry leg. Entries into traffi c
patterns while descending create specifi c collision hazards
and should always be avoided. During the WSC 45° entry
into the pattern, the WSC aircraft must pass through the
larger airplane pattern, so it is essential that alert see-andavoid
procedures plus additional radio communications be
practiced during this transition.
The entry leg should be of suffi cient length to provide a
clear view of the entire traffi c pattern and to allow the pilot
adequate time for planning the intended path in the pattern
and the landing approach.
The downwind leg is a course fl own parallel to the landing
runway but in a direction opposite to the intended landing
direction. This leg for the slower WSC aircraft should be
approximately ¼ to ½ mile out from the landing runway,
and at the specifi ed traffi c pattern altitude unless the airport
specifi cally specifi es a lower altitude for WSC aircraft.
[Figure 10-9] The faster airplanes would be ½ to 1 mile
out from the landing runway. During this leg, the before
landing check should be completed. Pattern altitude should
be maintained until abeam the approach end of the landing
runway. At this point, power should be reduced and a descent
begun. The downwind leg continues past a point abeam the
approach end of the runway to a point approximately 45°
from the approach end of the runway, and a medium bank
turn is made onto the base leg.
The base leg is the transitional part of the traffi c pattern
between the downwind leg and the final approach leg.
Depending on the wind condition, it is established at a
suffi cient distance from the approach end of the landing
runway to permit a gradual descent to the intended touchdown
point. The ground track of the aircraft while on the base leg
should be perpendicular to the extended centerline of the
landing runway, although the longitudinal axis of the aircraft
may not be aligned with the ground track when it is necessary
to turn into the wind to counteract drift. While on the base
leg and before turning onto the fi nal approach, the pilot must
ensure that there is no danger of colliding with another aircraft
10-7
LEGEND
Recommended Standard Left-Hand Traffic
Pattern (depicted)
(Standard right-hand traffic pattern would be mirror image)
RUNWAY
Final Departure
Downwind
Base
Crosswind
Departure
Departure
Entry
Segmented Circle
No Patterns Here
Because of Hazard or
Populated Area
Landing Direction Indicator
Landing Runway (or Landing Strip Indicators)
Wind Cone
Base Leg
Traffic Pattern Indicators
Application of Traffic Pattern Indicators
Figure 10-7. An airport with two runways and a hazard, noise sensitive, or populated area to the lower right where the segmented circle
specifies traffic not to fly over this area.
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Weight-Shift Control Aircraft Flying Handbook(111)
