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proposed area of fl ight. One way to check is to visit the FAA
website, www.tfr.faa.gov, and verify that there is not a TFR
in the area. Another resource is to ask the fl ight briefer at
800-WX-BRIEF during the prefl ight briefi ng.
Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSA)
Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSA) are areas where
participating pilots can receive additional radar services. The
purpose of the service is to provide separation between all
IFR operations and participating VFR aircraft.
The primary airport(s) within the TRSA become(s) Class D
airspace. The remaining portion of the TRSA overlies other
controlled airspace, which is normally Class E airspace
beginning at 700 or 1,200 feet and established to transition to/
from the en route terminal environment. TRSAs are depicted
on VFR sectional charts and terminal area charts with a solid
black line and altitudes for each segment. The Class D portion
is charted with a blue segmented line. Participation in TRSA
services is voluntary; however, pilots operating under VFR
are encouraged to contact the radar approach control and take
advantage of TRSA service. Operations inside the TFR area
must be conducted under the provisions of a waiver. Should
such an operation be contemplated, the WSC aircraft pilot
should consult with the local Flight Service District Offi ce
(FSDO) well in advance of the event.
National Security Areas (NSAs)
NSAs consist of airspace with defi ned vertical and lateral
dimensions established at locations where there is a
requirement for increased security and safety of ground
facilities. Flight in NSAs may be temporarily prohibited
by regulation under the provisions of 14 CFR part 99, and
prohibitions are disseminated via NOTAM.
Published VFR Routes
Published VFR routes are for transitioning around, under, or
through some complex airspace. Terms such as VFR fl yway,
VFR corridor, Class B airspace, VFR transition route, and
terminal area VFR route have been applied to such routes.
These routes are generally found on VFR terminal area
planning charts.
Flight Over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges,
Parks, and Forest Service Areas
The landing of aircraft is prohibited on lands or waters
administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, or U.S. Forest Service without authorization
from the respective agency. Exceptions include:
1. When forced to land due to an emergency beyond the
control of the operator;
2. At offi cially designated landing sites; or
3. An approved official business of the Federal
Government.
Pilots are requested to maintain a minimum altitude of
2,000 feet above the surface of the following: national
parks, monuments, seashores, lakeshores, recreation areas,
and scenic riverways administered by the National Park
Service, National Wildlife Refuges, Big Game Refuges,
Game Ranges, and Wildlife Ranges administered by the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service and wilderness and primitive areas
administered by the U.S. Forest Service.
WSC Operations
WSC prefl ight planning should include a review of the
airspace that is fl own. A local fl ight may be close to the fi eld
and include only Class G and Class E airspace. Minimum
visibility and cloud clearance may be the only requirements
to be met. However, a radio to communicate to the airport
traffi c and an altimeter to fl y at the proper airport pattern
altitude is recommended.
If fl ying to control tower airports or through Class B, C, or
D airspace, determine if the WSC meets all of the equipment
requirements of that airspace. [Figure 8-5] Also review
qualifi cations to determine if the minimum pilot requirements
of the airspace are met. If the minimum aircraft and/or pilot
requirements of the airspace are not met, then the prefl ight
planning should include a course around the airspace. Extra
time and fuel is required for the circumnavigation and should
be taken into consideration prior to departure.
WSC and Air Traffi c Control
In nontowered airspace, airspace separation from other aircraft
is the responsibility of the pilot. Separation from higher speed
traffi c may require fl ightpaths different than faster traffi c.
For fl ight and communicating with a control tower, the WSC
pilot may be asked to expedite or deviate from a traditional
course. The WSC pilot must work with ATC in advising of
8-13
the airspeed and surface wind limitations. Safe operation in
controlled airspace requires that the controller understand
the performance and limits of the WSC aircraft.
Navigating the Airspace
Knowledge of airspace dimensions, requirements to enter
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Weight-Shift Control Aircraft Flying Handbook(100)
