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• Inspect fuel fi lter and continue to follow fuel line up
to fuel pump.
• Inspect the security and condition of fuel pump.
• Inspect fuel lines up to carburetors. [Figure 5-54]
Induction System
• Inspect carburetors, including fl oat bowl attachment
and rubber bushing from carburetors into engine.
• Inspect fuel lines from fl oat bowls to carburetor inlet.
• Inspect air inlet fi lter to ensure it is clean and secure.
[Figure 5-55]
5-20
Figure 5-57. Inspecting the exhaust system by jiggling the outlet
pipe and checking the springs.
Figure 5-56. Checking spark plug cap security to the spark plugs.
Figure 5-55. Checking the security of the air inlet filter and the
security of the carburetors to the engine.
Ignition System
• Inspect ignition system wires to spark plugs.
• Inspect spark plug caps and wires to CDI units to
ensure they are secure and fastened. [Figure 5-56]
• Ensure ignition switches are turned off.
Cooling Systems
Ensure there is clear airfl ow for any cooling system fan or
radiator. Ensure no insects or birds created an obstruction to
the airfl ow for the engine cooling system.
Air cooled—rotate the propeller and ensure that the cooling
fan rotates also.
Water cooled—check the coolant level to ensure there is
cooling fl uid in the system.
Four stroke with additional oil coolers—ensure the oil cooler
has clear airfl ow and that nothing is blocking it.
Exhaust Systems
Inspect exhaust attachment to engine, and EGT senders.
Slightly jiggle the exhaust system to inspect the springs
holding it together. All springs must be secure. Inspect
the condition of exhaust system for cracks and attachment
security. [Figure 5-57]
Propeller Gearbox
Rotate the propeller in the proper direction only and inspect
blades for cracks or nicks. Listen and feel for smooth
operation and engine compression while rotating the
propeller. Inspect propeller attachment to the gearbox and
the gearbox attachment to the engine.
Throttle System
Check all throttle controls for smooth operation and proper
travel and locking. Also check choke and/or primer system
for proper operation and travel.
Flight Deck Inspection
The following should be performed for a flight deck
inspection:
• Check seat security and proper adjustment for pilot
and passenger.
• Check seat belt attachment and seatbelt operation.
• Inspect the gauges for security and readability.
• Switch electrical master on and check gauges for
expected readings. [Figure 5-58]
• Check ballistic parachute handle for security and
proper location.
Fuel
Overall, particular attention should be paid to the fuel quantity,
type/grade, and quality. Modern WSC two- and four-stroke
engines are designed to use auto gas with various octane ratings
as specifi ed by the manufacturer for different models. If auto
gas is stored for more than 3 weeks, octane value may fall
below the recommended rating. In this situation, it is best to
drain the gas and use fresh gas. For engines designed for auto
gas, aviation gasoline (AVGAS) 100LL can be mixed and used
5-21
Figure 5-59. Translucent fuel containers with premixed oil (right)
and auto gas only (left).
Figure 5-58. Checking the flight deck instruments for readability
and security. Turning on the main electrical power to verify proper
instrument readings.
Four-stroke engine oil resevoir
for checking oil with dip stick
Figure 5-60. Four-stroke engine showing the oil reservoir where
the dip stick is located to check the oil.
on a limited basis but the lead in this is not good for the engine
and additional precautions/procedures should be researched for
the particular make/model of engine for primary use.
Always use a higher grade/octane of fuel rather than a lower
grade, or detonation will severely damage the engine in a very
short period of time. Check the aircraft operation manual and
the engine manual for the type of fuel to use.
When attempting to fuel for maximum capacity, remember
that many fuel tanks are very sensitive to attitude. Fill the
aircraft on a level surface and check to ensure the amount
of fuel in the tanks is adequate for the planned fl ight plus 30
minutes of reserve. Check the level in the fuel tank plus the
panel-mounted gauge, if so equipped.
To transport gasoline, clear gas cans are preferable because
the fuel is visible through the container and allows a pilot to
look at the container for fuel level. [Figure 5-59]
An important step in any prefl ight is to check for water and
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Weight-Shift Control Aircraft Flying Handbook(61)
