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technical information; and manpower and material.
National Security Area (NSA). Area consisting of airspace
of defined vertical and lateral dimensions established at
locations where there is a requirement for increased security
and safety of ground facilities. Pilots are requested to
voluntarily avoid flying through the depicted NSA. When it
is necessary to provide a greater level of security and safety,
flight in NSAs may be temporarily prohibited. Regulatory
prohibitions are disseminated via NOTAMs.
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). A United
States Government independent organization responsible for
investigations of accidents involving aviation, highways,
waterways, pipelines, and railroads in the United States.
NTSB is charged by congress to investigate every civil
aviation accident in the United States.
NAVAID. Naviagtional aid.
NAV/COM. Navigation and communication radio.
Newton’s Third Law of Motion. Whenever one body exerts
a force on another, the second body always exerts on the first,
a force that is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.
Nontowered Airport. An airport that does not have an
operating control tower. Two-way radio communications
are not required at uncontrolled airports, although it is good
operating practice for pilots to transmit their intentions on
the specified frequency.
NOTAM. See Notice to Airmen.
Notice to Airmen. A notice containing information
concerning facilities, services, or procedures, the timely
knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with
flight operations.
Notice To Airman (NOTAM). Notice to Airman that is
regulatory in nature.
Octane. The rating system of gasoline with regard to its
antidetonating qualities.
Operating limitations. Limitations published by aircraft
manufacturers to define limitations on maneuvers, flight load
factors, speeds and other limits. Presented in the aircraft in
the form of placards and printed in the limitations section of
the aircraft flight manual.
Overcontrolling. Using more movement in the control
column than is necessary to achieve the desired pitch-andbank
condition.
Overshooting. The act of over flying an intended spot for
landing or flying through a course intended for intercept.
Overspeed. A condition in which an engine has produced
more rpm than the manufacturer recommends, or a condition
in which the actual engine speed is higher than the desired
engine speed as set on the propeller control.
Overtemp. A condition in which a device has reached a
temperature above that approved by the manufacturer or any
exhaust temperature that exceeds the maximum allowable for
a given operating condition or time limit. Can cause internal
damage to an engine.
Parallel runways. Two or more runways at the same airport
whose centerlines are parallel. In addition to runway number,
parallel runways are designated as L(left) and R(right)
or if three parallel runways exist, L(left), C (center) and
R(right).
Parasite drag. That part of total drag created by the design or
shape of PPC parts. Parasite drag increases with an increase
in airspeed.
Pattern altitude. The common altitude used for aircraft
maneuvering in the traffic pattern. Usually 1,000 above the
airport surface.
Personality tendencies. Personal traits and characteristics of
an individual that are set at a very early age and extremely
resistant to change.
P-factor. A tendency for an aircraft to yaw to the left due
to the descending propeller blade on the right producing
more thrust than the ascending blade on the left. This
occurs when the aircraft’s longitudinal axis is in a climbing
attitude in relation to the relative wind. The P-factor would
be to the right if the aircraft had a counterclockwise rotating
propeller.
PIC. See pilot in command.
Pilotage. Navigational technique based on flight by reference
to ground landmarks.
Pilot in command. The pilot responsible for the operation
and safety of an aircraft.
G-13
Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH). A document
developed by the aircraft manufacturer and contains the
Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) information or Aircraft
Operating Instructions (AOI) information.
Pitch. The rotation of a WSC about its lateral axis.
Pitch angle. The angle between the wing and the horizontal
plane of the earth.
Pitch attitude. The angle of the longitudinal axis relative
to the horizon. Pitch attitude serves as a visual reference for
the pilot to maintain orchange airspeed.
Placards. Small statements or pictorial signs permanently
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