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by the U.S. Federal Government as published in the Federal
Register.
Coefficient of lift (CL). The ratio between lift pressure and
dynamic pressure.
Cold front. The boundary between two air masses where
cold air is replacing warm air.
Combustion. Process of burning the fuel/air mixture in the
engine in a controlled and predictable manner.
Combustion chamber. The section of the engine into which
fuel is injected and burned.
Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF). A
frequency designed for the purpose of carrying out airport
advisory practices while operating to or from an airport
without an operating control tower. The CTAF may be a
UNICOM, Multicom, automated flight service station, or
tower frequency and is identified in appropriate aeronautical
publications.
Controlled airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions
within which air traffic control service is provided to IFR
flights and to VFR flights in accordance with the airspace
classification. Note: “controlled airspace” is a generic term
that encompasses Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and
Class E airspace.
Control bar. The structural part of the wing that connects
the flying wires the the wing and keel. This is also used for
the pilot to control the WSC pitch and roll in flight.
Control frame. The wing structural triangle which connects
the control bar to the wing keel and provides the structure
for the lower flying wire attachments.
Control pressure. The amount of physical exertion on the
control column necessary to achieve the desired attitude.
Control tower. A terminal facility that uses air/ground
communications, visual signaling, and other devices to
provide ATC services to aircraft operating in the vicinity of
an airport or on the movement area. Authorizes aircraft to
land or takeoff at the airport controlled by the tower or to
transit the Class D airspace area regardless of the flight plan
or weather conditions. May also provide approach control
services (radar or nonradar).
Controllability. A measure of the response of an aircraft
relative to the pilot’s flight control inputs.
Course. The intended direction of flight in the horizontal
plane measured in degrees from north.
Coordinated turn. Turn made by an aircraft where the
horizontal component of lift is equal to the centrifugal force
of the turn.
Crab angle. The angle formed between the direction an
aircraft is pointed and the direction it is tracking over the
ground, resulting from a crosswind component. Also called
the wind correction angle.
Crewmember. A person assigned to perform duty in an
aircraft during flight time.
Crew resource management (CRM). The application of
team management concepts in the flight deck environment,
including single pilots of general aviation aircraft. Pilots of
small aircraft, as well as crews of larger aircraft, must make
G-6
effective use of all available resources: human resources,
hardware, and information. Human resource groups include
but are not limited to pilots, dispatchers, cabin crewmembers,
maintenance personnel, and air traffic controllers.
Critical angle of attack. The angle of attack at which a wing
stalls regardless of airspeed, flight attitude, or weight.
CRM. See crew resource management.
Crossbar. The structural component of the WSC wing that
holds the leading edges in place.
Crosswind. Wind blowing across rather than parallel to
the direction of flight. In a traffic pattern, the crosswind leg
is a flight path at right angles to the landing runway off its
upwind end.
Crosswind component. The wind component, measured in
knots, at 90° to the longitudinal axis of the runway.
Crosswind correction. Correction applied in order to
maintain a straight ground track during flight when a
crosswind is present.
Crosswind landing. Landing made with a wind that is
blowing across rather than parallel to the landing direction.
Crosswind takeoffs. Takeoffs made during crosswind
conditions.
CTAF. See Common Traffic Advisory Frequency.
Datum. An imaginary vertical plane or line from which
all measurements of moment arm are taken. The datum is
established by the manufacturer.
DECIDE Model. Model developed to help pilots remember
the six-step decision-making process: Detect, Estimate,
Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate.
Density altitude. Pressure altitude corrected for variations
from standard temperature. When conditions are standard,
pressure altitude and density altitude are the same. If the
temperature is above standard, the density altitude is higher
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Weight-Shift Control Aircraft Flying Handbook(161)
