R  
R  (b) Call initiation  
R  
R  1 Air-to-ground calls_  
R  
R  When a call is initiated by an airbone subscriber, the AES  
R  sends signals to the GES, using the Rd-Channel. When the GES  
R  receives the call request, it assigns a pair of C-Channels,  
R  for a voice call, or reserves time on a T-Channel, for  
R  long-duration data transmissions. The call can then go  
R  through.  
R  The assigned channels are reserved for as long as the call is  
R  in progress. The sequence used to initiate the call is  
R  automatic and transparent to both the originator and the  
R  receiver of the call.  
R  
R  2 Ground-to-air calls_  
R  
R  The installed cabin system does not allow to establish  
R  ground-to-air calls. Moreover calls initiated from the ground  
R  are currently not allowed for safety reasons.  
R  
R  (c) Log-on renewal  
R  
R  If degradation or loss of the P-Channel is detected by the AES  
R  after log-on, the AES attempts to re-establish communication with  
R  its logged on GES.  
R  The AES uses the assigned Pd/Rd frequencies to renew log-on, but  
R  if this fails, the AES tunes to the Psmc and Rsmc frequencies of  
R  the logged on GES and tries to log-on again. If the Psmc  
R  frequency is satisfactorily received within 10 seconds, then  
R  log-on to the same GES is renewed.  
R  If the Psmc frequency is not received within 10 seconds, then the  
R  SDU tunes to the Psmc frequency of the next preferred GES. The  
R  AES initiates a handover log- on procedure with this GES if its  
R  Psmc frequency is successfully received within 10 seconds. If the  
R  Psmc frequency of the next preferred GES is not received within  
R  10 seconds, the AES deems itself logged off but does not transmit  
R  a log-off request. Then the AES reverts to a satellite search  
R  procedure. During log on renewal in the same satellite region,  
R  the flight information is not transmitted with the log-on  
R  request.  
R
R  (d) Handover  
R  
R  1_  Automatic handover 
R  
R  Automatic handover is initiated upon detection of Pd-Channel  
R  link degradation, which is defined as the error rate rising  
R  above 10 to the power of -4 over an averaging period of three  
R  minutes, or more than 10 short term interruptions in any  
R  three-minute period. Automatic handover is also initiated upon  
R  detection of loss of Pd-Channel, which is defined as clock  
R  synchronization for more than 10 seconds, and the resulting  
R  log-on renewal procedure is unsuccessful.  
R  
R  2_  GES-GES handover 
R  
R  A GES to GES handover is carried out by logging on to a new  
R  GES in the same satellite region. The AES carries out a log on  
R  procedure to the new GES.  
 
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