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by military commanders directing or coordinating
air operations associated with disaster relief; or by
civil authorities directing or coordinating organized
relief air operations (includes representatives of the
Office of Emergency Planning, U.S. Forest Service,
and State aeronautical agencies). Appropriate
authorities for a temporary flight restrictions
establishment under 14 CFR Section 91.137(a)(3) are
any of those listed above or by State, county, or city
government entities.
e. The type of restrictions issued will be kept to a
minimum by the FAA consistent with achievement of
the necessary objective. Situations which warrant the
extreme restrictions of 14 CFR Section 91.137(a)(1)
include, but are not limited to: toxic gas leaks or
spills, flammable agents, or fumes which if fanned by
rotor or propeller wash could endanger persons or
property on the surface, or if entered by an aircraft
could endanger persons or property in the air;
imminent volcano eruptions which could endanger
airborne aircraft and occupants; nuclear accident or
incident; and hijackings. Situations which warrant
the restrictions associated with 14 CFR Section
91.137(a)(2) include: forest fires which are
being fought by releasing fire retardants from
aircraft; and aircraft relief activities following a
disaster (earthquake, tidal wave, flood, etc.). 14 CFR
Section 91.137(a)(3) restrictions are established for
events and incidents that would attract an unsafe
congestion of sightseeing aircraft.
f. The amount of airspace needed to protect
persons and property or provide a safe environment
for rescue/relief aircraft operations is normally
limited to within 2,000 feet above the surface and
within a 3−nautical−mile radius. Incidents occurring
within Class B, Class C, or Class D airspace will
normally be handled through existing procedures and
should not require the issuance of a temporary flight
restrictions NOTAM. Temporary flight restrictions
affecting airspace outside of the U.S. and its
territories and possessions are issued with verbiage
excluding that airspace outside of the 12−mile coastal
limits.
AIM 2/19/04
3−5−4 Other Airspace Areas
g. The FSS nearest the incident site is normally the
“coordination facility.” When FAA communications
assistance is required, the designated FSS will
function as the primary communications facility for
coordination between emergency control authorities
and affected aircraft. The ARTCC may act as liaison
for the emergency control authorities if adequate
communications cannot be established between the
designated FSS and the relief organization. For
example, the coordination facility may relay
authorizations from the on-scene emergency response
official in cases where news media aircraft
operations are approved at the altitudes used by relief
aircraft.
h. ATC may authorize operations in a temporary
flight restrictions area under its own authority only
when flight restrictions are established under 14 CFR
Section 91.137(a)(2) and (a)(3). The appropriate
ARTCC/airport traffic control tower manager will,
however, ensure that such authorized flights do not
hamper activities or interfere with the event for which
restrictions were implemented. However, ATC will
not authorize local IFR flights into the temporary
flight restrictions area.
i. To preclude misunderstanding, the implementing
NOTAM will contain specific and formatted
information. The facility establishing a temporary
flight restrictions area will format a NOTAM
beginning with the phrase “FLIGHT RESTRICTIONS”
followed by: the location of the temporary
flight restrictions area; the effective period; the area
defined in statute miles; the altitudes affected; the
FAA coordination facility and commercial telephone
number; the reason for the temporary flight
restrictions; the agency directing any relief activities
and its commercial telephone number; and other
information considered appropriate by the issuing
authority.
EXAMPLE−
1. 14 CFR Section 91.137(a)(1):
The following NOTAM prohibits all aircraft operations
except those specified in the NOTAM.
Flight restrictions Matthews, Virginia, effective immediately
until 9610211200. Pursuant to 14 CFR Section
91.137(a)(1) temporary flight restrictions are in
effect. Rescue operations in progress. Only relief aircraft
operations under the direction of the Department of
Defense are authorized in the airspace at and below
5,000 feet MSL within a 2−nautical−mile radius of Laser
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