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operation, receiver presentation to the pilot, and some
capabilities of the equipment can vary greatly. Due to
these differences, operation of different brands, or
even models of the same brand, of GPS receiver
under IFR should not be attempted without thorough
study of the operation of that particular receiver and
installation. Most receivers have a built−in simulator
mode which will allow the pilot to become familiar
with operation prior to attempting operation in the
aircraft. Using the equipment in flight under VFR
conditions prior to attempting IFR operation will
allow further familiarization.
(e) Aircraft navigating by IFR approved GPS
are considered to be area navigation (RNAV) aircraft
and have special equipment suffixes. File the
appropriate equipment suffix in accordance with
TBL 5−1−2, on the ATC flight plan. If GPS avionics
become inoperative, the pilot should advise ATC and
amend the equipment suffix.
(f) Prior to any GPS IFR operation, the pilot
must review appropriate NOTAMs and aeronautical
information. (See GPS NOTAMs/Aeronautical Information.)
(g) Air carrier and commercial operators
must meet the appropriate provisions of their
approved operations specifications.
2/19/04 AIM
Air Navigation Aids 1−1−29
e. Use of GPS for IFR Oceanic, Domestic En
Route, and Terminal Area Operations
1. GPS IFR operations in oceanic areas can be
conducted as soon as the proper avionics systems are
installed, provided all general requirements are met.
A GPS installation with TSO−C129 authorization in
class A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, or C2 may be used to
replace one of the other approved means of
long−range navigation, such as dual INS. (See
TBL 1−1−5 and TBL 1−1−6.) A single GPS installation
with these classes of equipment which provide
RAIM for integrity monitoring may also be used on
short oceanic routes which have only required one
means of long−range navigation.
2. GPS domestic en route and terminal IFR
operations can be conducted as soon as proper
avionics systems are installed, provided all general
requirements are met. The avionics necessary to
receive all of the ground−based facilities appropriate
for the route to the destination airport and any
required alternate airport must be installed and
operational. Ground−based facilities necessary for
these routes must also be operational.
(a) GPS en route IFR RNAV operations may
be conducted in Alaska outside the operational
service volume of ground−based navigation aids
when a TSO−C145a or TSO−C146a GPS/WAAS
system is installed and operating. Ground−based
navigation equipment is not required to be installed
and operating for en route IFR RNAV operations
when using GPS WAAS navigation systems. All
operators should ensure that an alternate means of
navigation is available in the unlikely event the GPS
WAAS navigation system becomes inoperative.
TBL 1−1−5
GPS IFR Equipment Classes/Categories
TSO−C129
Equipment
Class RAIM
Int. Nav Sys. to
Prov. RAIM
Equiv.
Oceanic En Route Terminal
Nonprecision
Approach
Capable
Class A − GPS sensor and navigation capability.
A1 yes yes yes yes yes
A2 yes yes yes yes no
Class B − GPS sensor data to an integrated navigation system (i.e. FMS, multi−sensor navigation system, etc.).
B1 yes yes yes yes yes
B2 yes yes yes yes no
B3 yes yes yes yes yes
B4 yes yes yes yes no
Class C − GPS sensor data to an integrated navigation system (as in Class B) which provides enhanced guidance to an autopilot, or
flight director, to reduce flight tech. errors. Limited to 14 CFR Part 121 or equivalent criteria.
C1 yes yes yes yes yes
C2 yes yes yes yes no
C3 yes yes yes yes yes
C4 yes yes yes yes no
AIM 2/19/04
1−1−30 Air Navigation Aids
TBL 1−1−6
GPS Approval Required/Authorized Use
Equipment
Type1
Installation
Approval
Required
Operational
Approval
Required
IFR
En Route2
IFR
Terminal2
IFR
Approach3
Oceanic
Remote
In Lieu of
ADF and/or
DME3
Hand held4 X5
VFR Panel Mount4 X
IFR En Route
and Terminal
X X X X X
IFR Oceanic/
Remote
X X X X X X
IFR En Route,
Terminal, and
Approach
X X X X X X
NOTE−
1To determine equipment approvals and limitations, refer to the AFM, AFM supplements, or pilot guides.
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