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airport of intended landing. Under certain conditions,
at some locations a short-range clearance procedure
is utilized whereby a clearance is issued to a fix within
or just outside of the terminal area and pilots are
advised of the frequency on which they will receive
the long-range clearance direct from the center
controller.
b. Departure Procedure. Headings to fly and
altitude restrictions may be issued to separate a
departure from other air traffic in the terminal area.
Where the volume of traffic warrants, DPs have been
developed.
REFERENCE−
AIM, Abbreviated IFR Departure Clearance (Cleared. . .as Filed)
Procedures, Paragraph 5−2−3.
AIM, Instrument Departure Procedure (DP), Paragraph 5−2−6.
c. Route of Flight.
1. Clearances are normally issued for the
altitude or flight level and route filed by the pilot.
However, due to traffic conditions, it is frequently
necessary for ATC to specify an altitude or flight level
or route different from that requested by the pilot. In
addition, flow patterns have been established in
certain congested areas or between congested areas
whereby traffic capacity is increased by routing all
traffic on preferred routes. Information on these flow
patterns is available in offices where preflight
briefing is furnished or where flight plans are
accepted.
2. When required, air traffic clearances include
data to assist pilots in identifying radio reporting
points. It is the responsibility of pilots to notify ATC
AIM 2/17/05
4−4−2 ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation
immediately if their radio equipment cannot receive
the type of signals they must utilize to comply with
their clearance.
d. Altitude Data.
1. The altitude or flight level instructions in an
ATC clearance normally require that a pilot
“MAINTAIN” the altitude or flight level at which the
flight will operate when in controlled airspace.
Altitude or flight level changes while en route should
be requested prior to the time the change is desired.
2. When possible, if the altitude assigned is
different from the altitude requested by the pilot, ATC
will inform the pilot when to expect climb or descent
clearance or to request altitude change from another
facility. If this has not been received prior to crossing
the boundary of the ATC facility’s area and
assignment at a different altitude is still desired, the
pilot should reinitiate the request with the next
facility.
3. The term “cruise” may be used instead of
“MAINTAIN” to assign a block of airspace to a pilot
from the minimum IFR altitude up to and including
the altitude specified in the cruise clearance. The pilot
may level off at any intermediate altitude within this
block of airspace. Climb/descent within the block is
to be made at the discretion of the pilot. However,
once the pilot starts descent and verbally reports
leaving an altitude in the block, the pilot may not
return to that altitude without additional ATC
clearance.
REFERENCE−
Pilot/Controller Glossary Term− Cruise.
e. Holding Instructions.
1. Whenever an aircraft has been cleared to a fix
other than the destination airport and delay is
expected, it is the responsibility of the ATC controller
to issue complete holding instructions (unless the
pattern is charted), an EFC time, and a best estimate
of any additional en route/terminal delay.
2. If the holding pattern is charted and the controller
doesn’t issue complete holding instructions,
the pilot is expected to hold as depicted on the appropriate
chart. When the pattern is charted, the controller
may omit all holding instructions except the
charted holding direction and the statement AS PUBLISHED,
e.g., “HOLD EAST AS PUBLISHED.”
Controllers shall always issue complete holding
instructions when pilots request them.
NOTE−
Only those holding patterns depicted on U.S. government
or commercially produced charts which meet FAA
requirements should be used.
3. If no holding pattern is charted and holding
instructions have not been issued, the pilot should ask
ATC for holding instructions prior to reaching the fix.
This procedure will eliminate the possibility of an
aircraft entering a holding pattern other than that
desired by ATC. If unable to obtain holding
instructions prior to reaching the fix (due to
frequency congestion, stuck microphone, etc.), hold
in a standard pattern on the course on which you
approached the fix and request further clearance as
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AIM航空信息手册2004上(132)
