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VFR operations is not limited by regulation,
modification of the aircraft, such as installing a
panel− or yoke−mounted holder, is governed by
14 CFR Part 43. Consult with your mechanic to
ensure compliance with the regulation, and a safe
installation.
4. As a result of these and other concerns, here
are some tips for using GPS for VFR operations:
(a) Always check to see if your unit has
RAIM capability. If no RAIM capability exists, be
suspicious of your GPS position when any
disagreement exists with the position derived from
other radio navigation systems, pilotage, or dead
reckoning.
(b) Check the currency of the database, if any.
If expired, update the database using the current
revision. If an update of an expired database is not
possible, disregard any moving map display of
airspace for critical navigation decisions. Be aware
that named waypoints may no longer exist or may
have been relocated since the database expired. At a
minimum, the waypoints planned to be used should
2/19/04 AIM
Air Navigation Aids 1−1−27
be checked against a current official source, such as
the Airport/Facility Directory, or a Sectional
Aeronautical Chart.
(c) While hand−helds can provide excellent
navigation capability to VFR pilots, be prepared for
intermittent loss of navigation signal, possibly with
no RAIM warning to the pilot. If mounting the
receiver in the aircraft, be sure to comply with
14 CFR Part 43.
(d) Plan flights carefully before taking off. If
you wish to navigate to user−defined waypoints,
enter them before flight, not on−the−fly. Verify your
planned flight against a current source, such as a
current sectional chart. There have been cases in
which one pilot used waypoints created by another
pilot that were not where the pilot flying was
expecting. This generally resulted in a navigation
error. Minimize head−down time in the aircraft and
keep a sharp lookout for traffic, terrain, and obstacles.
Just a few minutes of preparation and planning on the
ground will make a great difference in the air.
(e) Another way to minimize head−down
time is to become very familiar with your receiver’s
operation. Most receivers are not intuitive. The pilot
must take the time to learn the various keystrokes,
knob functions, and displays that are used in the
operation of the receiver. Some manufacturers
provide computer−based tutorials or simulations of
their receivers. Take the time to learn about your
particular unit before you try to use it in flight.
5. In summary, be careful not to rely on GPS to
solve all your VFR navigational problems. Unless an
IFR receiver is installed in accordance with IFR
requirements, no standard of accuracy or integrity has
been assured. While the practicality of GPS is
compelling, the fact remains that only the pilot can
navigate the aircraft, and GPS is just one of the pilot’s
tools to do the job.
c. VFR Waypoints
1. VFR waypoints provide VFR pilots with a
supplementary tool to assist with position awareness
while navigating visually in aircraft equipped with
area navigation receivers. VFR waypoints should be
used as a tool to supplement current navigation
procedures. The uses of VFR waypoints include
providing navigational aids for pilots unfamiliar with
an area, waypoint definition of existing reporting
points, enhanced navigation in and around Class B
and Class C airspace, and enhanced navigation
around Special Use Airspace. VFR pilots should rely
on appropriate and current aeronautical charts
published specifically for visual navigation. If
operating in a terminal area, pilots should take
advantage of the Terminal Area Chart available for
that area, if published. The use of VFR waypoints
does not relieve the pilot of any responsibility to
comply with the operational requirements of 14 CFR
Part 91.
2. VFR waypoint names (for computer−entry
and flight plans) consist of five letters beginning with
the letters “VP” and are retrievable from navigation
databases. NOTICE: Effective on 6/15/00 VFR
waypoint names shall consist of five letters
beginning with the letters “VP.” The change is
effective for all GPS databases and aviation
publications. The Los Angeles Helicopter Route
Chart depicts VFR waypoint names beginning
with “VV.” The chart will be updated to the “VP”
naming convention at the next publication of the
chart. The VFR waypoint names are not intended to
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AIM航空信息手册2004上(37)
