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controller/observer.
b. At uncontrolled airports that are equipped with
ASOS/AWOS with ground−to−air broadcast capability,
the one−minute updated airport weather should be
available to you within approximately 25 NM of the
airport below 10,000 feet. The frequency for the
weather broadcast will be published on sectional
charts and in the Airport/Facility Directory. Some
part−time towered airports may also broadcast the
automated weather on their ATIS frequency during
the hours that the tower is closed.
c. Controllers issue SVFR or IFR clearances based
on pilot request, known traffic and reported weather,
i.e., METAR/Nonroutine (Special) Aviation Weather
Report (SPECI) observations, when they are
available. Pilots have access to more current weather
at uncontrolled ASOS/AWOS airports than do the
controllers who may be located several miles away.
Controllers will rely on the pilot to determine the
current airport weather from the ASOS/AWOS. All
aircraft arriving or departing an ASOS/AWOS
equipped uncontrolled airport should monitor the
airport weather frequency to ascertain the status of
the airspace. Pilots in Class E airspace must be alert
for changing weather conditions which may effect the
status of the airspace from IFR/VFR. If ATC service
is required for IFR/SVFR approach/departure or
requested for VFR service, the pilot should advise the
controller that he/she has received the one−minute
weather and state his/her intentions.
EXAMPLE−
“I have the (airport) one−minute weather, request an ILS
Runway 14 approach.”
REFERENCE−
AIM, Weather Observing Programs, Paragraph 7−1−12.
2/17/05 AIM
ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation 4−4−1
Section 4. ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation
4−4−1. Clearance
a. A clearance issued by ATC is predicated on
known traffic and known physical airport conditions.
An ATC clearance means an authorization by ATC,
for the purpose of preventing collision between
known aircraft, for an aircraft to proceed under
specified conditions within controlled airspace. IT IS
NOT AUTHORIZATION FOR A PILOT TO
DEVIATE FROM ANY RULE, REGULATION, OR
MINIMUM ALTITUDE NOR TO CONDUCT
UNSAFE OPERATION OF THE AIRCRAFT.
b. 14 CFR Section 91.3(a) states: “The pilot-incommand
of an aircraft is directly responsible for,
and is the final authority as to, the operation of that
aircraft.” If ATC issues a clearance that would cause
a pilot to deviate from a rule or regulation, or in the
pilot’s opinion, would place the aircraft in jeopardy,
IT IS THE PILOT’S RESPONSIBILITY TO
REQUEST AN AMENDED CLEARANCE. Similarly,
if a pilot prefers to follow a different course of
action, such as make a 360 degree turn for spacing to
follow traffic when established in a landing or
approach sequence, land on a different runway,
takeoff from a different intersection, takeoff from the
threshold instead of an intersection, or delay
operation, THE PILOT IS EXPECTED TO INFORM
ATC ACCORDINGLY. When the pilot
requests a different course of action, however, the
pilot is expected to cooperate so as to preclude
disruption of traffic flow or creation of conflicting
patterns. The pilot is also expected to use the
appropriate aircraft call sign to acknowledge all ATC
clearances, frequency changes, or advisory information.
c. Each pilot who deviates from an ATC clearance
in response to a Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance
System resolution advisory shall notify ATC of that
deviation as soon as possible.
REFERENCE−
Pilot/Controller Glossary Term− Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance
System.
d. When weather conditions permit, during the
time an IFR flight is operating, it is the direct
responsibility of the pilot to avoid other aircraft since
VFR flights may be operating in the same area
without the knowledge of ATC. Traffic clearances
provide standard separation only between IFR
flights.
4−4−2. Clearance Prefix
A clearance, control information, or a response to a
request for information originated by an ATC facility
and relayed to the pilot through an air-to-ground
communication station will be prefixed by “ATC
clears,” “ATC advises,” or “ATC requests.”
4−4−3. Clearance Items
ATC clearances normally contain the following:
a. Clearance Limit. The traffic clearance issued
prior to departure will normally authorize flight to the
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