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2Requires verification of data for correctness if database is expired.
3Requires current database.
4VFR and hand−held GPS systems are not authorized for IFR navigation, instrument approaches, or as a primary instrument
flight reference. During IFR operations they may be considered only an aid to situational awareness.
5Hand−held receivers require no approval. However, any aircraft modification to support the hand−held receiver; i.e.,
installation of an external antenna or a permanent mounting bracket, does require approval.
3. The GPS Approach Overlay Program is an
authorization for pilots to use GPS avionics under
IFR for flying designated nonprecision instrument
approach procedures, except LOC, LDA, and
simplified directional facility (SDF) procedures.
These procedures are now identified by the name of
the procedure and “or GPS” (e.g., VOR/DME or GPS
RWY 15). Other previous types of overlays have
either been converted to this format or replaced with
stand−alone procedures. Only approaches contained
in the current onboard navigation database are
authorized. The navigation database may contain
information about nonoverlay approach procedures
that is intended to be used to enhance position
orientation, generally by providing a map, while
flying these approaches using conventional
NAVAIDs. This approach information should not be
confused with a GPS overlay approach (see the
receiver operating manual, AFM, or AFM
Supplement for details on how to identify these
approaches in the navigation database).
NOTE−
Overlay approaches are predicated upon the design
criteria of the ground−based NAVAID used as the basis of
the approach. As such, they do not adhere to the design
criteria described in paragraph 5−4−5j, Area Navigation
(RNAV) Instrument Approach Charts, for stand−alone
GPS approaches.
4. GPS IFR approach operations can be
conducted as soon as proper avionics systems are
installed and the following requirements are met:
(a) The authorization to use GPS to fly
instrument approaches is limited to U.S. airspace.
(b) The use of GPS in any other airspace must
be expressly authorized by the FAA Administrator.
(c) GPS instrument approach operations
outside the U.S. must be authorized by the
appropriate sovereign authority.
2/19/04 AIM
Air Navigation Aids 1−1−31
f. Use of GPS in lieu of ADF and DME
1. Subject to the restrictions below, operators in
the U.S. NAS are authorized to use GPS equipment
certified for IFR operations in place of ADF and/or
DME equipment for en route and terminal operations.
For some operations there is no requirement for the
aircraft to be equipped with an ADF or DME receiver,
see subparagraphs f(b)(7) and (8) below. The
ground−based NDB or DME facility may be
temporarily out of service during these operations.
Charting will not change to support these operations.
(a) Operations allowed:
(1) Determining the aircraft position over a
DME fix. GPS satisfies the 14 CFR Section
91.205(e) requirement for DME at and above
24,000 feet mean sea level (MSL) (FL 240).
(2) Flying a DME arc.
(3) Navigating to/from an NDB/compass
locator.
(4) Determining the aircraft position over
an NDB/compass locator.
(5) Determining the aircraft position over a
fix defined by an NDB/compass locator bearing
crossing a VOR/LOC course.
(6) Holding over an NDB/compass locator.
NOTE−
This approval does not alter the conditions and
requirements for use of GPS to fly existing nonprecision
instrument approach procedures as defined in the GPS
approach overlay program.
(b) Restrictions
(1) GPS avionics approved for terminal
IFR operations may be used in lieu of ADF and/or
DME. Included in this approval are both stand−alone
and multi−sensor systems actively employing GPS as
a sensor. This equipment must be installed in
accordance with appropriate airworthiness installation
requirements and the provisions of the applicable
FAA approved AFM, AFM supplement, or pilot’s
guide must be met. The required integrity for these
operations must be provided by at least en route
RAIM, or an equivalent method; i.e., Wide Area
Augmentation System (WAAS).
(2) For air carriers and operators for
compensation or hire, Principal Operations Inspector
(POI) and operations specification approval is
required for any use of GPS.
(3) Waypoints, fixes, intersections, and
facility locations to be used for these operations must
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