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include:
(a) Station identification;
2/19/04 AIM
Air Navigation Aids 1−1−15
(b) Exact locations of azimuth, elevation and
DME/P stations (for MLS receiver processing
functions);
(c) Ground equipment performance level;
and
(d) DME/P channel and status.
4. Auxiliary data content: Representative data
include:
(a) 3−D locations of MLS equipment;
(b) Waypoint coordinates;
(c) Runway conditions; and
(d) Weather (e.g., RVR, ceiling, altimeter
setting, wind, wake vortex, wind shear).
f. Operational Flexibility
1. The MLS has the capability to fulfill a variety
of needs in the approach, landing, missed approach
and departure phases of flight. For example:
(a) Curved and segmented approaches;
(b) Selectable glide path angles;
(c) Accurate 3−D positioning of the aircraft in
space; and
(d) The establishment of boundaries to ensure
clearance from obstructions in the terminal area.
2. While many of these capabilities are
available to any MLS−equipped aircraft, the more
sophisticated capabilities (such as curved and
segmented approaches) are dependent upon the
particular capabilities of the airborne equipment.
g. Summary
1. Accuracy. The MLS provides precision
three−dimensional navigation guidance accurate
enough for all approach and landing maneuvers.
2. Coverage. Accuracy is consistent throughout
the coverage volumes. (See FIG 1−1−10.)
FIG 1−1−10
Coverage Volumes
3−D Representation
3. Environment. The system has low susceptibility
to interference from weather conditions and
airport ground traffic.
4. Channels. MLS has 200 channels− enough
for any foreseeable need.
5. Data. The MLS transmits ground−air data
messages associated with the systems operation.
6. Range information. Continuous range information
is provided with an accuracy of about
100 feet.
1−1−12. NAVAID Identifier Removal During
Maintenance
During periods of routine or emergency maintenance,
coded identification (or code and voice, where
applicable) is removed from certain FAA NAVAIDs.
Removal of identification serves as a warning to
pilots that the facility is officially off the air for
tune−up or repair and may be unreliable even though
intermittent or constant signals are received.
NOTE−
During periods of maintenance VHF ranges may radiate
a T−E−S−T code (− −).
AIM 2/19/04
1−1−16 Air Navigation Aids
NOTE−
DO NOT attempt to fly a procedure that is NOTAMed out
of service even if the identification is present. In certain
cases, the identification may be transmitted for short
periods as part of the testing.
1−1−13. NAVAIDs with Voice
a. Voice equipped en route radio navigational aids
are under the operational control of either an FAA
Automated Flight Service Station (AFSS) or an
approach control facility. The voice communication
is available on some facilities. The Hazardous
Inflight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS) broadcast
capability on selected VOR sites is in the process
of being implemented throughout the conterminous
U.S. and does not provide voice communication. The
availability of two-way voice communication and
HIWAS is indicated in the A/FD and aeronautical
charts.
b. Unless otherwise noted on the chart, all radio
navigation aids operate continuously except during
shutdowns for maintenance. Hours of operation of
facilities not operating continuously are annotated on
charts and in the A/FD.
1−1−14. User Reports on NAVAID
Performance
a. Users of the National Airspace System (NAS)
can render valuable assistance in the early correction
of NAVAID malfunctions by reporting their
observations of undesirable NAVAID performance.
Although NAVAIDs are monitored by electronic
detectors, adverse effects of electronic interference,
new obstructions or changes in terrain near the
NAVAID can exist without detection by the ground
monitors. Some of the characteristics of malfunction
or deteriorating performance which should be
reported are: erratic course or bearing indications;
intermittent, or full, flag alarm; garbled, missing or
obviously improper coded identification; poor
quality communications reception; or, in the case of
frequency interference, an audible hum or tone
accompanying radio communications or NAVAID
identification.
b. Reporters should identify the NAVAID, location
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