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Section 57-10
Wing Structure
1. General
This Section gives you the data about the structure of the wings. Refer to Section 57-50 for data about the structure of the flaps. Refer to Section 57-60 for data about the structure of the ailerons.
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LEFT WING SHOWN,
Removable
RIGHT WING OPPOSITE
Wing Tip
Figure 1: Wing Structure
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2. Description
Figure 1 shows the wing structure. The wing has top and bottom shells. It has front and rear spars and a root rib made in three parts. Four ribs hold the fuel tanks between the spars. Flap and aileron control ribs hold the bellcranks for the control systems.
A rear web closes the trailing edge of the wing. An end rib closes the outboard end of the wing. A removable GFRP tip attaches to the wing shells and outer rib with screws.
Bonding paste (thickened resin) bonds the wing components to each other. The following section gives more data about the main parts:
A. Wing Shells
Each wing has top and bottom shells. Each shell has a CFRP outer skin, a rigid foam core and a GFRP inner skin. The fibers in the layers of cloth which cover the whole wing run at ±45° to the lateral axis of the wing. The outer layer is carbon fiber. The inner layer is glass fiber.
Some areas have more layers of cloth to give more strength. For example, the area around each access hole has extra layers of carbon fiber cloth.
The bottom shell of each wing has seven access holes. These give access to the flap and aileron bellcranks and fuel tanks. The top shell has a hole for the fuel cap of the outer fuel tank.
B. Spars
Each wing has two I-section spars. The front spar on one side is the same as the rear spar on the opposite side.
Many layers of uni-directional carbon fiber make the spar caps. The number of layers in the spar caps decreases from root to tip.
Each spar has a shear web. The shear web has GFRP skins and a rigid foam core. Glass cloth fillets attach the spar caps to the shear web.
The inboard end of each spar (the ‘stub’) goes past the root rib. The spar stub is a box-section with many layers of glass cloth wrapped round the spar caps. Two large bushes bond into the spar stub. The wing main bolts engage these bushes and attach the wing to the fuselage center section. The bushes and bolts transmit the wing bending loads into the center section. Figure 3 shows the main bolt installation.
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C. Root Rib
Each wing has a three-piece root rib. Each piece is a GFRP molding with many layers of glass fiber cloth. The front root rib bonds to the top and bottom shells and the front face of the front spar. It has a housing for the A-bolt. The A-bolt transmits lift loads into the center section.
The middle part of the root rib bonds to the top and bottom shells, the aft face of the front spar and the front face of the rear spar. It has a large oval access panel for removing the fuel tanks.
The rear root rib bonds to the top and bottom shells, the aft face of the rear spar and the rear web. It has a housing for the B-bolt. The B-bolt transmits lift loads into the center section. It also has guide rollers for the flap and aileron push rods.
D. Fuel Tank Ribs
Four ribs hold the fuel tanks in each wing. Each rib is a GFRP molding with a large oval hole. The hole has a flat inner flange to hold the tank. The ribs bond to the top and bottom shells, the aft face of the front spar and the front face of the rear spar.
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