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surfaces and components must be accomplished shortly before takeoff.
Airplane De-icing/Anti-Icing may be accomplished in either a One-Step or a Two-Step Process.
In the worst case scenario the airplane should be deiced, inspected, and depart within an
approximate two to five minute time period. Depending on current atmospheric conditions and
assuming worst case scenario, the coordination between the Flight Crew, the Ground De-icing
Crew and Air Traffic Control is vital.
Standard practice is to deice and, if required, anti-ice the airplane before takeoff. The use of
heated solutions of Freezing Point Depressant (FPD) fluids for de-icing followed by an anti-icing
process using a more concentrated solution produces a lower freeze point on the airplane
surfaces.
Maintenance concepts for Ground De-icing/Anti-icing may vary between FBO’s; however, basic
de-icing/anti-icing procedures prevail throughout the industry. FPD fluid manufacturers provide
recommended dilution mixtures based on Outside Air Temperature (OAT) and precipitation
conditions. The Pilot-in-Command should consult with the ground de-icing crew to verify that
the de-icing fluid mixture is suitable for the atmospheric conditions. Both Type I and Type II
FPD fluids are recommended for use on Gulfstream Airplanes. Only the Type IV fluids
specified herein are recommended for use on Gulfstream Airplanes. The use of other Type
IV fluids must be approved in writing by the Gulfstream Engineering Department. For
additional information regarding fluid application refer to Chapter 12 GIV Maintenance Manual.
GULFSTREAM AEROSPACE
GIV AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL
ADVERSE WEATHER/ABNORMAL
ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
APPENDIX E
FAA APPROVED E-23
29 January 2002 GIV-SP
De-icing/Anti-Icing methods include mechanical means, spraying of de-icing fluids, or a
combination of both methods. Mechanical means include brooms, brushes, squeegees, and/or
nylon ropes. De-icing fluids may either be used cold or hot. There are two (2) types of de-icing
fluids which are referred to as Freezing Point Depressant (FPD) fluids. Society of Automotive
Engineers (SAE) or International Standards Organization (ISO) Type I fluids are generally used
in North America. SAE/ISO Type II fluids, also referred to as Association of European Airlines
(AEA) fluids, are generally used in Europe.
Refer to Table I, Table III, Table V, Table VI, Table VII, Table VIII, and Table IX as appropriate,
for maximum Holdover Times prior to departure following de-icing/anti-icing with any de-icing
fluid.
GULFSTREAM AEROSPACE
GIV AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL
ADVERSE WEATHER/ABNORMAL
ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
APPENDIX E
E-24 FAA APPROVED
GIV-SP 11 October 2002
TABLE I
Guidelines for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAE Type I Fluid Mixture as a Function of
Weather Conditions and OAT.
CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR USE IN DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY AND SHOULD BE
USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES.
OAT Approximate Holdover Times Under Various Weather Conditions: (hours: minutes)
°C °F Frost*
Freezing
Fog
Light
Snow♦♦
Moderate
Snow♦♦
Freezing
Drizzle**
Light
Freezing
Rain
Rain on
Cold
Soaked
Wing
Other‡
-3 and 27 and 0:45 0:11 – 0:17 0:11 – 0:16 0:06 – 0:11 0:09 – 0:13 0:02 – 0:05 0:02 – 0:05
above above
below
-3 to –6
below
27 to 21
0:45 0:08 – 0:14 0:08 – 0:13 0:05 – 0:08 0:070:10 0:02 – 0:05
-7 to –10 20 to 14 0:45 0:06 – 0:10 0:06 – 0:10 0:04 – 0:06 0:05 – 0:08 0:02 – 0:05
below below
-10 14 0:45 0:05 – 0:09 0:04 – 0:06 0:02 – 0:04
CAUTION:
Clear ice
may require
touch for
confirmation.
CAUTION:
No
holdover
time
guidelines
exist.
°C Degrees Celsius OAT Outside Air Temperature
°F Degrees Fahrenheit FP Freezing Point
RESPONSIBILITY FOR APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER.
* During conditions that apply to airplane protection for ACTIVE FROST
** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible
‡ Heavy snow, snow pellets, ice pellets, moderate and heavy freezing rain, hail
♦♦ To use these times, the fluid must be heated to a minimum temperature of 60°C (140°F) at the
nozzle and at least 1 liter/M2 (≈ 2 gals/100 ft2) must be applied to deice surface.
SAE Type I fluid/water mixture is selected so that the FP of the mixture is at least 10°C (18°F) below
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