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conditions the coefficient of friction is reduced to zero making wheel braking, tire cornering, and
steering totally ineffective. Once total dynamic hydroplaning begins, it may continue after the
tire speed decreases.
VISCOUS HYDROPLANING
Viscous hydroplaning occurs at lower speeds than dynamic hydroplaning on runways with
smooth surface texture or made smooth by rubber deposits or runway marking paint. This type
of hydroplaning may perpetuate itself at low speeds if the thin water layer is not broken by an
irregular surface. Dew can produce viscous hydroplaning conditions on very smooth pavement
resulting in a viscous film that acts as a lubricant.
REVERTED RUBBER HYDROPLANING
Reverted rubber hydroplaning is caused by a skid which boils water on the runway, causing
heated rubber to revert to its natural latex state sealing tire grooves which prevents water
dispersal. This type of hydroplaning results near zero braking coefficients and has been known
to continue almost to the point of zero ground speed.
GULFSTREAM AEROSPACE
GIV AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL
ADVERSE WEATHER/ABNORMAL
ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
APPENDIX E
E-40 FAA APPROVED
31 May 2001
HOT WEATHER OPERATION
Hot weather operation generally means operation in a hot, humid atmosphere. High ambient
temperatures on the ground have important effects on performance, crew and operating
efficiency. High temperatures, alone or coupled with high humidity or blowing sand and dust,
will complicate normal operations. Proper protection and inspection of the airplane while it is on
the ground, and observance of the precautions covered in this section, will assure the most
successful operation. High humidity usually results in the condensation of moisture throughout
the airplane, which can result in malfunctioning of electrical and electronic equipment, fogging
of instruments, and growth of fungi in vital areas of the airplane. Further results may be
pollution of lubricants, hydraulic fluid, and fuel. The procedures essential to operation under
such conditions are given in the following paragraphs. These procedures are in addition to the
normal operating procedures.
BEFORE ENTERING THE AIRPLANE
Attention should be given to takeoff distance and range.
Look for the presence of corrosion or fungus at joints, hinge points, and similar locations. If
corrosion or fungus is found, have it cleaned off.
Check for hydraulic leaks, as heat and moisture may cause seals and packings to swell.
Inspect the gear struts for cleanliness. Use a cloth to wipe the gear strut extension clean. Inspect
the tires for proper inflation.
Remove all protective covers and shields.
NOTE: Examine performance data thoroughly to determine the adverse effects of high
temperature on airplane performance.
GULFSTREAM AEROSPACE
GIV AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL
ADVERSE WEATHER/ABNORMAL
ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
APPENDIX E
FAA APPROVED E-41
31 May 2001
BEFORE STARTING ENGINES
If instruments, equipment, and controls are coated with moisture, wipe them dry with a clean,
soft cloth. Use ground heat if necessary to dry them.
To achieve better cabin cooling during ground operation, it is recommended that APU be used as
the air source for the air conditioning system.
Engine Bleed Air Switches.........................................................................................................OFF
APU Air Switch .......................................................................................................................... ON
Complete as much of the checklist as possible before starting engines, to avoid prolonged ground
operation.
TAXI
Limit the use of brakes as much as possible during taxiing, because cooling is reduced when
outside air temperatures are high. Idle reverse thrust can be used to reduce brake usage on clean
taxiways.
BEFORE TAKEOFF
To Preclude APU temperature transients and cabin pressurization surges, the following
procedures are recommended.
1. Engine Bleed Air Switches .................................................................................................. ON
2. APU Air Switch ..................................................................................................................OFF
3. APU..................................................................................................................AS REQUIRED
NOTE: Examine performance data thoroughly to determine the adverse effects of high
temperature on airplane performance.
GULFSTREAM AEROSPACE
GIV AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL
ADVERSE WEATHER/ABNORMAL
ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
APPENDIX E
E-42 FAA APPROVED
31 May 2001
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湾4飞机飞行手册AFM Gulfstream IV AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL 2(158)
