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ensure appropriate crew
pairing. (reference FSF
corporate crew scheduling and
fatigue evaluation.)
0 0.56 2 Process
Cost
25 Airlines/operators should
establish a CRM training
program.
0 1.65 3
26 Airlines/operators should
ensure that CRM training is
provided prior to line flying.
0 0.81 3
Page 50
# Intervention Number of
accidents
in which
highly
effective
Overall
Effectiveness
U.S.
Feasibility
Issues
27 Airlines/operators should
implement maintenance
procedures to ensure proper
functioning of the CVR at all
times. (Note: This
intervention was recorded as a
potential intervention for future
accidents; it would not have
prevented the subject
accidents.)
0 0.42 1.5 Process
Cost
28 Implement a system to
automatically transmit ATC
instructions/information
between the ground controller
and the aircraft.
0 0.93 1.5 Process
Cost
29 Implement transmission of
ATC instructions (between the
ground and aircraft) via a
computer link which would
allow downloading to the FMS.
0 0.87 1 Process
Cost
Technology
30 Airlines/operators should
adopt the "delegated"
approach to standard
operating procedures. (e.g.,
monitored approach
procedures)
0 0.66 1 Process
Technology
(HF)
31 Airlines/operators should
ensure that crew rest
considerations (cabin crew
and flight crew) are calculated
and administered by
dispatch/crew scheduling
rather than burdening crews
with these considerations.
0 0.39 3 Process
32 In the absence of GPS,
regulatory agencies should
install DME equipment at all
appropriate airports.
0 0.59 1 Cost
35 Manufacturers should install
EGPWS in all new aircraft,
airlines/operators should
retrofit EGPWS into the
existing fleet and international
regulators should require the
installation of EGPWS.
10 2.93 2 Cost
Page 51
# Intervention Number of
accidents
in which
highly
effective
Overall
Effectiveness
U.S.
Feasibility
Issues
36 Airlines/operators should
establish and implement the
use of electronic checklists or
other aids to ensure
completion of all checklist
items.
0 0.42 2 Process
37 Regulatory agencies should
discontinue on-time arrival
tracking for airlines.
0 0.34 2.5 Process
40 Airlines/operators and air
traffic service providers should
ensure fluency/proficiency in
the use of basic English
language.
1 1.08 2.5 Process
41 Airlines/operators and air
traffic service providers should
train flight crews and
controllers to ICAO standards
to ensure fluency/proficiency
in the use of the ICAO
phraseology.
2 1.46 2 Process
42 Airlines/operators and air
traffic service providers should
implement a monitoring
program to ensure the
consistent use of the ICAO
phraseology.
1 1.45 2 Process
45 Manufacturers should ensure
that all equipment failures that
may affect the safe operation
of the flight are properly
annunciated to the flight crew.
1 0.52 1 Process
Cost
Technology
46 Airlines/operators should
implement procedures to
increase flightcrew awareness
of recent aircraft maintenance
actions.
0 0.19 2.5 Process
47 Airlines/operators should
ensure that their
training/standardization
programs direct the flight
crews to use all available tools
(charts) to establish aircraft
position.
4 2.18 3 Process
Page 52
# Intervention Number of
accidents
in which
highly
effective
Overall
Effectiveness
U.S.
Feasibility
Issues
48 Airlines/operators and
regulatory agencies should
strictly enforce flight/duty time
limitations.
1 0.42 3
49 Regulatory agencies should
establish criteria for, and
manufacturers should
evaluate and improve, the
reliability and failure tolerance
of flight systems.
0 0.48 1 Process
Cost
Technology
50 Airlines/operators and
regulatory agencies should
emphasize that only published
route segments should be
flown in non radar
environments.
0 1.03 3 Process
51 Airlines/operators should
ensure the currency of the
FMS database and update as
appropriate.
0 0.28 3
52 Airlines/operators should
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