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Localiser ….. > 1 dot deviation (above 300’ HAT) “TRACKING”
> half dot deviation (below 300’ HAT)
Glideslope ….. > 1 dot deviation “GLIDE”
VASIS / PAPI ….. Signif deviation from expected indications
VOR ….. > 5 deviation from nominated track “TRACKING”
NDB ….. > 5 deviation from nominated track “TRACKING”
DME ….. > 2 DME deviation from nominated arc “TRACKING”
AIRBUS FLIGHT OPERATIONS GOLDEN RULES
1. The aircraft can be flown like any other aircraft
2. Fly, navigate and communicate - in that order
3. One head up at all times
4. Cross-check the accuracy of the FMS
5. Know your FMA at all times
6. When things don’t go as expected - TAKE OVER
7. Use the proper level of automation for the task
8. Practice task-sharing and back each other up
CAO FLIGHT TOLERANCES
Reference: CAO 40.2.1 (Issue 3) pp 18-20 (Instrument Rating)
3.1 “Flight within the tolerances specified is necessary for the applicant
to be judged proficient in the required flying manoeuvres. There shall be
no sustained errors in excess of the specified tolerances.”
NORMAL FLIGHT TOLERANCES
HDG +/- 5 of nominated HDG
IAS +/- 10 kts (+/- M0.02) of nominated speed. Not below
minimum approach speed for the configuration.
ALT +/- 100 feet, at minimum altitudes +100 feet and -0 feet
ASSYMETRIC FLIGHT TOLERANCES
HDG +/- 20 initially then +/- 5
IAS Initial climb - engine inop - V2: +5 to -0 kts. Subsequent
operations +/- 10 kts (+/- M0.02) and not below minimum approach
speed for the configuration
ALT +/- 100 feet, at minimum altitudes +100 feet and -0 feet
NAVIGATION AID TOLERANCES
NDB +/- 5 of nominated track. Descent not commenced until
established within tolerance.
VOR +/- half scale deflection. Descent not commenced until
established within tolerance.
ILS & LLZ +/- half scale deflection. Able to land from minimum without
undue manoeuvring.
DME ARC +/- 2 nm
DME ARRIVAL - Tracking within NDB or VOR tolerances when on
defined track, or, if not on a defined track, stay within the defined sector
at all times.
Descent below LSALT or limiting altitude not before distance specified in
the arrival procedure.
CAT C LIMITATIONS
References: AIP/ENR chapter 1.5 and AD 1.1-25
FAM VOL 2 para 5.24 “Circling Approach” (pg 2.5.15)
Aircraft performance categories determine landing minima for aircraft
among other things.
CAT C DETERMINATION
Base on ‘at threshold’ speed. Vat
CAT C: Vat = 121 to 140 kts
VLS (minimum selectable speed) = 1.23 Vso
The A330 has VLS as Vat reference speed (granted because of the
efficiencies and safety of fly-by-wire) rather than 1.3 Vso
Vat normally = 1.3 times the stall speed (Vso) at maximum landing
weight in landing configuration. Also equals 1.23 times Vs1g (if higher
than Vso)
Note: CofG not considered for this calculation (actually does affect stall
speed)
Valpha-max (less than Vls) is very close to actual stall speed
Vso = stall speed, straight & level, gear down, landing flap, idle power
Vs1g = stall speed clean
A330-200 (180,000 kg) Vls = 136 kts = Vat
(note Vso = 110 kts)
A330-300 (187,000 kg) Vls = 140 kts = Vat
(note Vso = 106 kts)
* Minimum obstacle clearance in circling approach: 400’
* Circling Area (day and night): 4.2 nm (7.778 km)
HANDLING SPEEDS
Initial & Intermediate Approach: 160-240 KIAS
Final Approach: 115-160 KIAS
Max For Circling: 180 KIAS
Max For Missed Approach: 240 KIAS
TIMING
CAT C/D 45/180 procedure turn: 1 min 15 sec
LAND & HOLD SHORT OPERATIONS
LAHSO is approved for CAT C aircraft.
CIRCLING MIMINA
The circling minima is published on the applicable approach chart.
The aircraft must not descend below 1000’ HAT (day) or MDA (night)
until intercepting the 3 degree final approach path (see FAM extract
below). There is no 50’ buffer applied to the circling minima.
Note: CAT C/D MDA’s should all be above 1,000’ AGL
CIRCLING APPROACH
Extract (FAM 21)
A Circling Approach will be flown as a visual flight manoeuvre. It is used when
an instrument approach is completed, to align the aircraft with the landing
runway.
When an Instrument Approach Procedure specifies a visual segment from the
point where the MDA is reached to the circling area of the airport of intended
landing, a Missed Approach shall be executed unless the visual segment can be
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