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polysemy :“plant"
metonymy : “the pilot climbed to height 600 m”
anaphora : “The Airbus A310 is a medium to long-range widebody airliner manufactured
by Airbus SAS. It was the second model to be introduced by Airbus after the A300”
Main conceptual issue
Aircraft
Component Aircraft
CFM-Engine
Engine
A300
Airbus
CF6-50
A320Family
A318
POWER
“American General Electric CF6-50
engines powered the A300”
“The Airbus A318 Elite will be
powered by CFM engines”
POWER(ci , cj )
Marie Chagnoux, Nathalie Hernandez, Nathalie Aussenac Pattern-based Approach
State of the art
Pattern Approach Contribution
Framework
Semantic relations
Relation Extraction
Pattern Approaches
Existing Approaches
engineering approaches
ressources exploitation
manual approaches
expert building
fusion approaches
ontology maping
dictionnaries, texts
thesaurus, lexicon...
data bases and semistructured
data
NLP Statistics &Learning
hybrid approache approaches
Distributionnal Analysis
Pattern Approaches
* clustering
* neuronal network
* bayesian network
* Markov
* genetic algorithms
* Kohonen maps
Marie Chagnoux, Nathalie Hernandez, Nathalie Aussenac Pattern-based Approach
State of the art
Pattern Approach Contribution
Framework
Semantic relations
Relation Extraction
Pattern Approaches
Linguistic Approaches
Distributional Approaches
terms sharing similar contexts may be related
ontology - taxonomy insert in X, organize in X,
structure in X, built X, etc.
Pattern-based Approaches
morphosyntactic reproducible pattern
ONTOLOGY ...is a kind of...,
...is richer than... TAXONOMY
Marie Chagnoux, Nathalie Hernandez, Nathalie Aussenac Pattern-based Approach
State of the art
Pattern Approach Contribution
Framework
Semantic relations
Relation Extraction
Pattern Approaches
Linguistic Approaches
Distributional Approaches
terms sharing similar contexts may be related
ontology - taxonomy insert in X, organize in X,
structure in X, built X, etc.
Pattern-based Approaches
morphosyntactic reproducible pattern
ONTOLOGY ...is a kind of...,
...is richer than... TAXONOMY
Marie Chagnoux, Nathalie Hernandez, Nathalie Aussenac Pattern-based Approach
State of the art
Pattern Approach Contribution
Framework
Semantic relations
Relation Extraction
Pattern Approaches
Pattern based Approaches : Hearst Proposal
[Hearst 1992]
“...identify a set of lexico-syntactic patterns that are easily recognisable, that occur frequently and
across text genre boundaries, and that indisputably indicate the lexical relation of interest...”
Illustration
"The bow lute, such as the Bambara ndang, is plucked [...]"
hyponym relation inherent to construction : “X such as Y".
identification of potential patterns for a specific kind of semantic relation
resulted from the human interpretation of their occurrences
Marie Chagnoux, Nathalie Hernandez, Nathalie Aussenac Pattern-based Approach
State of the art
Pattern Approach Contribution
Framework
Semantic relations
Relation Extraction
Pattern Approaches
Pattern based relation extraction
Example
“The heads report to the vice president”
lexical pattern : X report to Y
lexico-syntactic pattern :
PREPORT
1 : X report to the Y
PREPORT
2 : X VB IN DT Y
PREPORT
3 : X MD VB to DT Y
PREPORT
3 a : X MD VB[report] to DT Y
PREPORT
4 : X MD [report] to the Y
PREPORT
5 : X (JJ) ? VB to the Y
PREPORT
6 : X MD VB to (**) ? Y
compromise between
constrained and marginal structures
excessively permissive structures
Marie Chagnoux, Nathalie Hernandez, Nathalie Aussenac Pattern-based Approach
State of the art
Pattern Approach Contribution
Framework
Semantic relations
Relation Extraction
Pattern Approaches
Pattern based relation extraction
Example
“The heads report to the vice president”
lexical pattern : X report to Y
lexico-syntactic pattern :
PREPORT
1 : X report to the Y
PREPORT
2 : X VB IN DT Y
PREPORT
3 : X MD VB to DT Y
PREPORT
3 a : X MD VB[report] to DT Y
PREPORT
4 : X MD [report] to the Y
PREPORT
5 : X (JJ) ? VB to the Y
PREPORT
6 : X MD VB to (**) ? Y
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