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the Primary Flight Display (PFD)
The PFD is a multifunctional instrument that, as the name suggests, provides all the primary flight
information that is crucial to the pilot. The centrepiece of the PFD is the artificial horizon with the blue zone
representing the sky and the brown zone representing the ground. The pitch of the aircraft is displayed
using graduated increments that are shown in degrees. The roll of the aircraft is also highlighted by the
angle of the artificial horizon centre line which rolls in concert with the path of the aircraft. The artificial
horizon allows the pilot to see at a glance the current pitch and roll attitude of the aircraft, and whether the
aircraft is in a climb or descent, something that is not always immediately obvious especially if the aircraft
is in thick cloud and the window view is obscured. To the left of the artificial horizon on the PFD is the
speed tape showing the current speed of the aircraft in knots. A yellow line ‘trend vector’ denotes the speed
trend as to whether the aircraft is accelerating or decelerating. An accelerating aircraft will have the green
trend line showing upwards towards the higher speed numbers and vice versa for a decelerating aircraft.
To the far right of the PFD unit is the altitude display of the current aircraft altitude with a needle denoting
the current rate of climb or descent. The altitude display would normally be calibrated on the ground to
match the external air pressure. In our case, with no weather being simulated, the default pressure setting
of 29.92 inches/Hg is appropriate to this flight and requires no adjustment.
Open the pedestal panel and set the elevator trim of the aircraft, using the two hidden clickspots to the
right of the panel below the trimwheel. Set the elevator trim to 5 units of trim.
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FLAPS – SET TO 2 FOR APPROACH
We can expect air traffic control to give us an intercept course to the ILS beam for our arrival and a capture
altitude. Press the APPR button to arm the ILS capture of the autopilot.
APPR – ARMED FOR APPROACH
When given this final approach vector slow to 170kts and deploy the flaps into position 3
FLAPS – SET TO 3
With APPR armed the aircraft will capture the localiser beam and automatically turn to track it. We will be
asked to tune the tower to confirm our landing clearance. As the glideslope meets us the aircraft will start a
descent tracking it automatically. Slow the aircraft to 149kts for our landing speed and deploy our landing
gear. Once the landing gear is down engage the final stage of flaps. Set the autobrake position to 4
GEAR – DOWN
FLAPS – SET TO FULL LANDING POSITION
AUTOBRAKES – 4
Our shiny new A340 is equipped with a fully automatic landing system. By maintaining the autopilot in
APPR mode our aircraft will fly itself right down to the runway and apply the brakes for us after touchdown!
At touchdown the autopilot system will shout at us to ‘RETARD RETARD’. This is our cue to engage reverse
thrust. Disengage the autopilot and autothrottle buttons and apply reverse thrust. Use some gentle forward
pressure on the joystick to bring the nose down. At 60kts disengage the reverse thrust and return the
autobrakes to off, and continue to decelerate to 15kts with manual braking.
Take the next available exit to the right and follow the ATC instructions to request taxi clearance to the gate.
Retract the flaps and start the APU using the sequence discussed earlier
FLAPS - UP
APU MASTER SWITCH – ON
APU – ON
The APU should be running by the time you have the aircraft parked at the gate. Engage the APU GEN and
BLEED switches. Apply the parking brake as we secure our aircraft.
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AUTOPILOT AP1 SWITCH – ON
AUTOTHROTTLE - ON
ALT MODE – ON
SPD AND HDG MODE – ENGAGE
Once established under autopilot control simply reset the heading window to the heading given by ATC and
the aircraft will make the turn for us. Shortly thereafter we can expect ATC to give us a further altitude
clearance. Again, simply enter this in the speed window and confirm the rate of climb as 2200ft per minute
and the A340 will happily comply with our request.
After we have made the turn to our departure course we can expect ATC to ask us to continue under our
own navigation. This is our cue to have the aircraft follow the route of flight in the FMGS. Simply left click
the heading knob. The heading window will close and the aircraft will now be tracking our predetermined
route of flight to Dublin. This works in exactly the same way as GPS tracking in one of the default aircraft
within Flight Simulator.
As you pass through 10,000ft we are no longer constrained by the 250kts speed limit so go ahead and left click
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